湖南省常德市4894名婴幼儿睡眠状况分析

Sleep status among 4894 infants and toddlers in Changde,Hunan Province

目的了解湖南省常德市婴幼儿的睡眠状况,为促进儿童睡眠健康提供科学依据。方法选取2022年5—10月在湖南省常德市8个县/市/区妇幼保健机构、武陵区4个社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊做健康体检的5027名0~36月龄婴幼儿为研究对象。通过对其主要带养人进行现场问卷调查,了解婴幼儿睡眠状况。结果共收集问卷5027份,其中有效问卷4894份。问卷涉及男性2498例(51.0%),女性2396例(49.0%),平均月龄10.7个月。4~11个月婴儿与父母同床的比例最高(75.6%),睡眠姿势主要为仰睡(49.5%);0~3个月和4~11个月婴儿白天睡眠时间、睡眠总时长比12~23个月和24~36个月幼儿睡眠时间长,不同月龄组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);24~36个月幼儿睡眠潜伏期>20 min占比最高,为50.1%;昼夜节律基本形成后,4~11个月的婴儿夜醒次数多于其他月龄组的婴幼儿,平均夜醒时长为(20.7±18.5)min;不同月龄婴幼儿入睡方式不同,0~3个月和4~11个月婴儿主要是喂食入睡,12~23个月、24~36个月幼儿主要是父母陪护入睡;月龄越大,就寝时间越晚,24~36个月幼儿就寝时间晚于21∶00比例最高,为80.0%。结论湖南省常德市0~36月龄婴幼儿睡眠状况不佳,主要存在夜间睡眠潜伏期长、晚上就寝时间过晚、总睡眠时间不足等问题。需提高带养人培养婴幼儿良好睡眠习惯的意识,改善儿童睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate sleep status of infants and toddlers in Changde,Hunan Province,so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting their sleep health.Methods A total of 5027 infants and toddlers aged 0–36 months who received routine health check from 8 maternal and child health care institutions at county level and 4 community health service centers in Wuling District,Changde,Hunan Province were recruited from May to October 2022.A questionnaire survey was conducted through caregiver to investigate sleep status among infants and toddlers.Results A total of 5027 questionnaires were distributed and 4894 valid questionnaires were collected,including 2498 males and 2396 females,with an average age of 10.7 months.The biggest proportion of infants(75.6%)who slept with their parents fell was within the age range of 4 to 11 months,and supine position was predominant(49.5%).Infants aged 0–3 months and 4–11 months had longer daytime and full day sleep period than those of 12–23 months and 24–36 months toddlers(all P<0.05).Among toddlers aged 24 to 36 months,50.1%experienced a sleep latency greater than 20 minutes.After the development of the circadian rhythm,infants aged 4–11 months had more nocturnal awakenings times than those of infants and toddlers of other ages,with an average nocturnal awakening period of(20.7±18.5)minutes.Infants and toddlers of different ages had different ways of initiating sleep.Sleep initiation patterns were different among infants and toddlers of various month-old.Infants of 0–3 and 4–11 month-old mainly relied on feeding to initiate sleep,while those aged 12–23 months and 24–36 months were predominantly accompanied by their parents.Bedtime tended to become progressively later with increasing age,with 80.0%of toddlers aged 24 to 36 months going to bed after 21∶00.Conclusion The sleep habits of infants and toddlers aged 0–36 months in Changde,Hunan Province need to be improved.The main problems are long sleep latency at night,going to bed late at night,and insufficient total sleep time.It is necessary to raise caregivers’awareness of fostering good sleeping habits among infants and toddlers in order to improve their sleep quality.