利用矿物材料调控农田土壤镉污染的机制研究

Research on the Mechanism of Regulating Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soil Using Mineral Materials

随着工业化进程的加速,土壤镉污染问题在我国南方许多地区成为影响区域粮食安全和公众健康的重要环境问题。该文阐述土壤镉污染的来源和防治必要性,分析土壤镉的空间分布特征和动态变化规律,阐释利用不同矿物质调节剂防治镉污染的机制,包括氮、钙类材料的营养调节作用,硅、锌、铁等微量元素的协同作用机制,并设计3种矿物质海泡石、膨润土、沸石处理镉污染土壤的比较试验,测试钝化效果,最后提出筛选适宜矿物材料、制定合理施用方案、结合耕作措施的镉污染土壤综合治理策略。

With the acceleration of industrialization,soil cadmium pollution has become an important environmental problem affecting regional food security and public health in many areas of southern China.This paper expounds the source and necessity of prevention and control of soil cadmium(Cd)pollution,analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of soil cadmium,and explains the mechanism of using different mineral regulators to prevent and control cadmium pollution,including the nutritional regulation of nitrogen and calcium materials and the synergistic mechanism of trace elements such as silicon,zinc and iron;besides,this paper designs the comparative experiments of three kinds of minerals,i.e.sepiolite,bentonite and zeolite to treat Cd-contaminated soils and test their passivation effects.Finally,the comprehensive control strategy of cadmium contaminated soil was put forward,including screening suitable mineral materials,making reasonable application scheme and combining tillage measures.