企业何以提升治理质量?——基于网约车平台监管的制度分析

What can Enterprises do to Improve the Quality of Governance?—An Institutional Analysis Based on the Regulation of Online Car Rental Platforms

数字时代,由于技术壁垒等的存在,平台型企业行使监管权力成为一种政府的“刚需”。监管质量的提升离不开企业的参与。企业是追求盈利的市场组织,与追求公共利益的政府组织不同。传统理论强调企业的政治参与,或是企业作为治理主体之一,配合参与治理,对企业行使公共权力的现象缺少关注。如何保证企业有效行使公共权力,提升治理质量,成为一个重要的理论问题。中国网约车平台监管的制度建构和监管质量的提升,为分析这个问题提供了样本。研究发现:政府通过创造压力和动力,建立起松紧适度的“企业-政府”利益共同体,可以促使企业愿意且有效地行使公共权力,促成治理质量的提升。企业既需要适当的“嵌入性”,也需要适当的“自主性”,并构筑起合适的边界。关注企业行使公共权力的新现象,有助于进一步推进数字治理理论研究。

In the digital era,due to the existence of technical barriers,the exercise of regulatory power by platform-based enterprises has become a governmental“necessity”.The quality of regulation cannot be improved without the participation of enterprises.Enterprises are market organisations pursuing profits,which are different from government organisations pursuing public interests.Traditional theories emphasise the political participation of enterprises,or the participation of enterprises as one of the subjects of governance,and pay little attention to the phenomenon of enterprises exercising public power.How to ensure the effective exercise of public power by enterprises and improve the quality of governance has become an important theoretical issue.The institutional construction of the regulation of China’s net car platforms and the improvement of regulatory quality provide a sample for analysing this issue.The study finds that by creating pressure and incentives for the government to establish an appropriately tight“enterprise-government”community of interest,the government can induce enterprises to be willing to exercise public power effectively,leading to an improvement in the quality of governance.Enterprises need to be appropriately“embedded”as well as“autonomous”,and to construct appropriate boundaries.Focusing on the new phenomenon of the exercise of public power by enterprises can help further advance the study of digital governance theory.