创新是否延伸了中国工业企业在全球价值链中的链长

Does Innovation Extend the Chain Length of Chinese Industrial Enterprises in the Global Value Chain

对外开放以来,中国通过积极参与全球价值链分工实现了经济的高速增长。然而,由于核心技术缺失等原因,中国仍存在被锁定在低端生产环节的问题,在国际分工下实现生产链的延伸刻不容缓。本文使用2000—2014年的世界投入产出表、中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库和中国专利数据库的数据,探讨企业自身创新能力如何影响其在全球价值链中承担的生产环节长度及内在机制。研究结果表明:企业创新对其链长的延伸具有显著促进作用,尤其是处于技术密集型行业、低集中度行业和位于全球价值链靠下游的企业;中间品进口替代效应、资本品进口互补效应以及进口结构优化效应是企业创新促进其延链的主要渠道;企业链长的延伸能够强化企业出口韧性并提升企业出口国内附加值率。这一结论表明,未来中国应进一步推进创新驱动战略并巩固创新成果,以帮助中国企业在全球价值链中占据更为有利的地位。

Since opening up to the outside world,China has achieved rapid economic growth by actively participating in the global value chain(GVC).However,due to issues such as a lack of core technology,China remains confined to low-end production links,making it imperative to extend the value chain within the international division of labor.This paper uses the World Input-Output Table from 2000 to 2014,Chinese customs trade data,Chinese industrial enterprise data,and Chinese patent database to explore how enterprise innovation capabilities affect the length of production links in the GVC and its internal mechanism.We find that enterprise innovation significantly promotes the extension of their production chains,especially for enterprises in technology-intensive industries,lower-concentrated industries,and those in a more downstream position in the GVC.The primary channels through which enterprise innovation facilitates the extension of their value chain include the substitution effect on intermediate goods imports,the complementary effect on capital goods imports,and the optimization effect on import structures.The extension of their production chains enhances the export resilience of enterprises and increases their domestic value-added rate.The conclusion shows that in the future,China should further promote the innovation-driven strategies and consolidate innovation achievements to help Chinese enterprises secure a more advantageous position in the GVC.