民国九年(1920)海原大地震的山水刻画与灾区修复

Landscape Characterization and Disaster Area Restoration after the Haiyuan Earthquake in the Ninth Year(1920)of the Republic of China

民国九年(1920)甘肃海原地区发生空前大地震,除了灾情极其严重,波及范围极广、受灾人口极多以外,还对当地环境造成很大影响,地质地貌和农业生产环境均发生显著改变,典型者如山体位移、农田损毁、水体变化、井泉枯竭、裂缝横生等多种情状,甚至出现区域气候环境改变,导致震后自然灾害加剧,使得老百姓的房屋、财产等损失巨大,诸多生命被夺走,原本尚能勉强维持生计的甘肃地区自然环境和生存环境每况愈下,大地震导致甘肃部分地区社会经济发展遭受重创。地震以后,震区社会生产、生活一时陷入混乱和失序状态,在各方采取工赈、赈济等一系列措施下,灾区生产恢复,人口逐步增加,然而军阀混战、大烟种植、土匪横行、税赋奇高等原因,导致社会经济发展每况愈下,受灾地区日益坠入苦难深渊。灾后农耕生产的恢复与灾区重建必须因地制宜,以应对大地震时期人与自然的特殊关系。

An unprecedented earthquake occurred in Haiyuan county and damaged the vast surrounding area of Gansu province in the ninth year of the Republic of China(1920).It also had a significant impact on the local environment except that the extremely serious disaster,the affected area,and the large number of people affected.The geological landscape and agricultural production environment had been changed significantly,typical of which included the displacement of mountains,damage to farmland,changed in water bodies,depletion of wells and springs,and the proliferation of cracks.The Haiyuan earthquake also caused typical changes in the regional climate and environment,lending to serious natural disasters cases,causing a large amount of house damage,resulting in the death of many people in this disaster.After the earthquake,the social and economic situation in Gansu Province was severely affected,and the fragile natural environment,barren living environment,and rudimentary living environment were constantly deteriorating.The social development in the disaster area was once in a difficult situation.however,agricultural production in the disaster area resumed and the population gradually increased after a series famine relief measures were taken by all parties.although the counties affected by the earthquake had undergone brief construction,but local social development still faced numerous difficulties,in the context of warlord warfare,widespread smoking,banditry,and unusually high taxes.It can be seen that the restoration of post disaster agricultural production and the reconstruction of disaster areas must be tailored to local conditions to cope with the special relationship between humans and nature during major earthquakes.