养老金水平对老年人社会劳动参与的影响

The Effect of Pension on Social Labor Participation of the Elderly

随着我国步入老龄化时代,老年人力资源的开发利用成为延长人口红利的重要途径。文章基于2021年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,采用IV-Probit模型,分析养老金水平对老年人社会劳动参与的影响。研究结果表明,养老金水平的提升总体上会抑制老年人参与社会劳动,两者之间的关系为平缓的倒“U”型曲线;配偶陪伴和健康状况对两者关系具有调节作用;养老金水平对女性、城市和东部地区的老年人社会劳动参与的抑制效应更强。建议完善相关法律法规为老年人提供良好的市场环境,实行更加科学的弹性退休制度;同时统筹城乡发展,促进积极老龄化战略的实施。

As China enters the aging era,the development and utilization of elderly human resources has become an important way to extend the demographic dividend.Based on the data of the 2021 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and combined with the IV-Probit model,this paper analyzes the effect of pension on social labor participation of the elderly.The results show that the increase of pension generally inhibits the participation of the elderly in social labor,and the relationship between the two is a flat inverted"U"curve.Spousal companionship and health status play a moderating role in the relationship.The pension level had a stronger inhibitory effect on the social labor participation of the female elderly and the elderly in urban areas and the eastern region.The policy recommendations are to improve relevant laws and regulations to provide a good market environment for the elderly,implement a more scientific flexible retirement system,and coordinate urban and rural development to promote the implementation of the active aging strategy.