国家规制平台数据权力的正当性及其边界

On Justification of State Regulation of Data Power on Online Platforms and Its Boundaries

平台是指基于互联网所形成的一种集信息交流、资源共享和在线服务等多种功能的互动空间。数据权力是平台的基础性权力,它伴随着数据搜集、存储、使用技术以及人工智能算法而出现。如今,平台已经深入社会生活各个领域,多种问题也随之进入公共视野,其中平台权力的扩张风险最为突出。研究发现:平台权力扩张的根本原因在于平台数据权力的边界不清。故防范平台权力的扩张首先应当厘清平台数据权力合理使用行为和滥用行为的边界。具体措施:强化平台技术层面的算法治理;规范行政监管层面的平台自治监管;完善司法监督层面的明确平台规则司法审查标准和审查边界以及平台责任层面的平台法律责任、契约责任、道德责任的强化。

A platform is an interactive space based on the Internet that combines various functions such as information exchange,resource sharing and online services.Data rights is the fundamental power of platforms,and it emerges along with the technology of data collection,storage and use,as well as artificial intelligence algorithms.Nowadays,platforms have penetrated into all areas of social life,and a variety of issues have come into public view,among which the risk of platform power expansion is the most prominent.Research has found that the fundamental reason for the expansion of platform power lies in the unclear boundaries of platform data power.Therefore,to prevent the expansion of platform power,the first step is to clarify the boundaries of reasonable use and abuse of platform data rights.Specific measures include:algorithmic governance at the level of platform technology;autonomous platform supervision at the level of administrative supervision;clarification of judicial review standards and review boundaries of platform rules at the level of judicial supervision;and reinforcement of legal,contractual and ethical responsibilities of platforms at the level of platform responsibility.