21世纪美国私立高等教育结构的变化及启示

Changes and Enlightenment of the Structure of Private Higher Education in the United States in the 21st Century

美国私立高等教育在国家高等教育体系中起着领头羊的作用。21世纪以来受市场竞争影响,美国私立高等教育结构发生一系列变化,具体来说:层次结构上副学士规模先增后减,研究生规模稳步增长;学科结构上应用学科规模扩大迅速,社科类占比略微下降;形式结构上全日制规模波动增长,非全日制规模缓慢增长后稳定;管理体制结构上非营利性规模稳步增长,营利性规模波动上升。这对我国民办高等教育结构的优化给予了一定的经验和启示:优化层次结构,重视研究生教育;调整学科专业结构,以适应经济发展和社会需求;完善形式结构,平衡全日制和非全日制;引导优化管理体制结构,积极探索推进民办高校分类管理;打破原有保守思想,革新中国民办教育思想观念。

Private higher education in the United States plays a leading role in the nation’s higher education system.The structure of private higher education in the United States has undergone a number of changes in the 21st century as a result of the intervention of market competition:A hierarchical structure in which the size of associate degrees expands and then shrinks,and the size of graduate students gradually expands;The structure of academic disciplines is rapidly expanding in applied disciplines and slightly decreasing in the share of social sciences;Decline in the form structure after rapid development of full-time and stable development of part-time;And the structure of the management system has seen steady growth in the size of non-profit and a mountainous change in the size of for-profit.To optimize the structure of private higher education in China,the following suggestions are made:Optimize the structure of levels and attach importance to postgraduate education;Adjust the structure of disciplines and specialties to meet the economic development and social needs;Improve the structure of forms and balance full-time and part-time;Guide to optimize the structure of management system and actively explore to promote the classification and management of private colleges and universities;Break the traditional conservative thinking and innovate the ideological concepts of private education in China.