以农业服务规模化促进农业提质增效——基于322家合作社、家庭农场等典型案例分析

Promoting agricultural quality and efficiency through scaling agricultural services——An analysis of typical cases based on 322 cooperatives and family farms

土地规模与服务规模是推进我国农业适度规模经营的两种重要途径,基于322家典型案例分析发现,各地区都在积极探索把以“土地流转”方式联农带农逐渐转变为以“经营托管”方式联农带农。在典型案例中,种植类合作社(占比40%)和农机合作社(占比15%)以“生产托管”方式联农带农,不断尝试通过节约劳动型的机械技术和节约土地型的生物、化学和信息技术扩大服务规模,依托“N+服务”模式,使服务逐步延伸到耕、种、防、收、烘、储、销等农业生产全过程;养殖类合作社(占比约20%)采用“技术+服务”方式逐步形成“统一综合服务+分户饲养+拓展种植”的种养结合循环发展模式,提高了经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。通过调研案例发现,面向小农户的农业社会化服务供给不足、服务效率低、服务水平低的情况普遍存在,仅依靠市场自身发展扩大农业服务规模、提升农业服务效率和水平的能力和空间有限,还需在增服务、增效率、提水平等方面进一步加大政策扶持力度,夯实推进农业服务规模化发展的政策基础,转变农业生产运营模式和服务模式,探索土地规模化与服务规模化协调发展机制,稳步扩大农业服务规模,打造新型农业社会化组织队伍,促进农业发展提质增效。

Land scale and service scale are two important ways to promote moderate scale operation of agriculture in China.Based on an analysis of 322 typical cases,it is found that various regions are actively exploring the transition from Land Transfer to Management and Trusteeship in promoting agricultural cooperation.In typical cases,planting cooperatives,accounting for 40%and agricultural machinery cooperatives,accounting for 15%,collaborate with agriculture through Production Trusteeship,constantly trying to expand their service scale through labor-saving mechanical technology and land saving biological,chemical,and information technology,relying on the N+Service model to gradually extend services to the entire process of agricultural production such as cultivation,planting,prevention,harvesting,drying,storage,and sales;breeding cooperatives,accounting for about 20%,have gradually formed a Unified Comprehensive Service+Household Feeding+Expanded Planting Model of integrated and circular development through the use of Technology+Services,which has improved economic,social,and ecological benefits.Through many research cases,it has been found that there is a common situation of insufficient supply,low service efficiency,and low service level of agricultural socialized services among small farmers.Market developmentsolely relys onexpanding the scale of agricultural services.The ability and space to improve the efficiency and level of agricultural services are limited.It is necessary to further provide policy support in terms of increasing services,efficiency,and water improvement,consolidate the policy foundation for promoting the scale development of agricultural services,transform agricultural production and operation models and service models,explore the coordinated development mechanism of land scale and service scale,steadily expand the scale of agricultural services,build a new type of agricultural socialized organizational team,and promote the quality and efficiency of agricultural development.