eVTOL飞机级安全性减缓措施和效果分析

eVTOL aircraft level safety mitigation measures and efficacy analysis

通过应用电动垂直起降(electric vertical take-off and landing,简称eVTOL)飞行器可实现零排放的短途快速城市空中出行,缓解地面交通拥堵的问题。但城市地区密集的人口以及eVTOL高度的自动化等因素给飞行安全性也带来了诸多挑战。基于局方对于eVTOL设立的顶层安全性目标,分析了当严重失效发生时,eVTOL飞机级安全性减缓措施——抗坠撞性和整机降落伞两种方式的应用限制与效果。通过对减缓措施的对比分析,提出了一种考虑减缓效果的eVTOL飞行任务剖面,并总结出不同飞行阶段的飞机级安全性影响,得出定量的飞行区域关键高度数值。针对飞行剖面中的高风险区域,提出了降低严重失效概率的预防措施,为eVTOL的安全性设计以及适航管理提供参考。

Urban air mobility(UAM)relies on electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft to enable swift,flexible,emissions-free regional transportation,effectively addressing urban traffic congestion challenges.Concurrently,the compact urban population centers and the advanced automation of eVTOL craft introduce a host of intricacies to ensure flight safety.In alignment with the overarching safety objectives mandated by the regulatory au-thority for eVTOL,this paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the constraints and efficacy of safety mitiga-tion strategies at the aircraft level—specifically,crashworthiness and the deployment of ballistic rescue system(BSR)in the event of severe malfunctions.Through meticulous comparative analysis of these mitigation measures,it presents an optimized eVTOL flight profile that accounts for their impact,delineating the influence of aircraft-lev-el safety across various flight phases.Furthermore,it derives a quantifiable critical altitude threshold for the eVTOL flight profile.In light of the high-risk zones within the flight profile,this paper proffers preemptive measures aimed at reducing the likelihood of critical failures,thus furnishing insights and directions for the safety design and airwor-thiness management of eVTOL.