从坝上考古新发现试析内蒙古高原早期聚落的定居和生业

A Preliminary Study of Sedentism and Subsistence of Early Settlements on Inner Mongolian Plateau Based on New Archaeological Evidence in Bashang Region

历史上的坝上地区农牧交错、生态环境复杂、生计方式不稳定。由于旧、新石器时代考古学遗存相对较少,使学界对坝上地区早期聚落和生业的认识十分局限。2010年以来,相继发现的裕民、四麻沟、兴隆和四台等考古学遗存逐渐初步揭开了坝上地区新石器时代早中期聚落的面貌。综合分析已发表的考古学材料,发现这一区域在进入新石器时代后经历了定居程度不断加强的过程,生计方式也逐渐复杂。这一过程对理解坝上地区早期人地关系和文化社会变迁提供了有价值的参考。

Historically,Bashang Region was characterized by mixed farming and herding,complex ecological environments,and unstable livelihoods.Due to the relative scarcity of archaeological evidence from the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods,the study of early settlements and livelihoods has been very limited.Since 2010,the successive discovery of Yumin,Simagou,Xinglong,and Sitai has gradually and initially unveiled the face of early and middle Neolithic period.A comprehensive analysis of the published archaeological materials shows that this region experienced a process of increasing sedentism and complexity of livelihoods during Neolithic,which provides valuable insights into the understanding of early human-land relationship and social culture changes in Bashang region.