4个家蚕品种对人工饲料的摄食性及相关基因的表达检测

The Feeding Habits of Four Silkworm Varieties(Bombyx mori)on an Artificial Diet and the Detection of Gene Expression Associated with Feeding Behavior

家蚕人工饲料育可实现工厂化养蚕,研究家蚕的摄食性遗传机制及选育人工饲料适应性家蚕品种则是实现这一目标的重要基础。分别采用全龄人工饲料育和全龄桑叶育饲养A姬、872、菁松、苏春4个家蚕品种,调查5龄蚕体质量和5龄起蚕的摄食性。结果显示:872和苏春采用2种饲养方式的5龄蚕体质量差异显著,而A姬和菁松的差异不显著;在全龄人工饲料育试验组,A姬、872、菁松3个品种的5龄起蚕80%以上能选择人工饲料饷食,苏春则仅有20%选择人工饲料饷食,在全龄桑叶育试验组,872、菁松、苏春3个品种的5龄起蚕均选择桑叶饷食,A姬则仅有70%选择桑叶饷食。进一步以体质量差异显著、人工饲料摄食性最差的苏春和体质量差异不显著、人工饲料摄食性好的A姬的5龄第3天幼虫下颚为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)对2个品种的普通气味结合蛋白基因GOBP 1、GOBP 2和嗅觉受体基因OR 56进行差异表达分析。结果表明,苏春下颚中GOBP 1、GOBP 2的表达量显著高于A姬(P<0.01、P<0.001),而A姬下颚中OR 56的表达量显著高于苏春(P<0.05)。以上结果再次证实了家蚕的人工饲料摄食性与品种有关系,并且食性差异家蚕品种的嗅觉相关基因表达水平不同,此可以作为家蚕人工饲料适应性品种选育的基础依据之一。

The use of artificial feed enables factorial sericulture and the study of silkworm genetic mechanisms of feeding behavior as well as the breeding of silkworm varieties for artificial feed,which is an essential basis for achieving this goal.Whole-age artificial feed and whole-age mulberry leaf diets were applied separately in four silkworm varieties including A Ji,872,Qing Song,and Su Chun to investigate the weight of fifth instar silkworm and feeding habit of fifth instar silkworm.Results showed a significant difference between 872 and Su Chun,but there is no significant difference between A Ji and Qing Song by two feeding regimes.In whole-age artificial feed group,more than 80%fifth instar larvae of the three varieties of A Ji,872 and Qing Song chose artificial feed,while only 20%of Su Chun silkworms chose artificial feed.Under the full-age mulberry leaf feeding,the fifth instar larvae of the three varieties of 872,Qing Song and Su Chun all chose mulberry leaf diet,only 70%of A Ji chose mulberry leaf feeding.Further,the fifth instar larvae mandibles on day 3 of Su Chun with significant different body weight and the worst feeding ability of artificial diet and A Ji with no significant different body weight and good feeding ability of artificial diet were selected as tissue samples,and the expression differences of general odorant binding protein genes,GOBP1,GOBP2 and odorant receptor gene,OR56 of 2 different breeds were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).The results showed that the expression of GOBP1 and GOBP2 was higher in Su Chun than A Ji(P<0.01,P<0.001),but the expression of OR56 in A Ji was higher than Su Chun(P<0.05).It is found that the feeding habits of artificial feed of silkworm influenced by variety and the expression level of olfactory related genes,which is different among varieties with different diets.This could serve as one of the foundational criteria for the selection and breeding of silkworm varieties adapted to artificial feed.