肺结节大小、深度对肺切除治疗≤2 cm早期肺癌手术方式的影响

Impact of the Size and Depth of Pulmonary Nodules on the Surgical Approach for Lung Resection in the Treatment of Early-stage Lung Cancer≤2 cm

背景与目的 现有研究显示,在确保安全切缘的前提下,≤2 cm含磨玻璃成分的早期肺癌宜采用亚肺叶切除,但部分病例需行肺叶切除以保证切缘。本研究探讨≤2 cm早期肺癌的大小、深度对楔形、肺段和肺叶切除手术方式的影响,以及如何确保亚肺叶切除的安全切缘。方法 回顾性分析2022年接受肺切除手术治疗的≤2 cm含磨玻璃成分的早期肺癌病例385例,包括楔形、肺段和肺叶切除术三组。深度测量肺结节内缘至所属肺支气管开口最短距离(OA值)及结节内缘至胸膜距离(AB值)。行肺段及肺叶切除术者,进行三维CT支气管血管重建(threedimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography,3D-CTBA),统计若行肺段切除术所需切除亚段数。统计楔形、肺段切除的切缘宽度和肺段切除所切除的亚段及数量。结果 在楔形、肺段和肺叶切除手术中,肺结节平均大小分别为(1.08±0.29) cm、(1.31±0.34) cm、(1.50±0.35) cm,结节的深度(AB值)分别为6.05 (5.26,6.85)cm、4.43(3.27,5.43) cm和3.04 (1.80,4.18) cm,均呈现逐渐增大的趋势(P<0.001)。肺段切除获得的中位切缘宽度为2.50 (1.50,3.00) cm,显著大于楔形切除的1.50 (1.15,2.00) cm (P<0.001)。当楔形切除切缘<2 cm时,AB值>2cm的病例占29.03%,高于切缘≥2 cm时AB值>2 cm的占比12.90%(P=0.019),以结节大小为切缘标准时,切缘/直径<1较切缘/直径≥1,AB值>2cm病例的比例依旧更高(37.50%vs 17.39%,P=0.009)。肺段组切除的中位亚段数为3个,肺叶组病例若行肺段切除须切除的中位亚段数为5个(P<0.001)。结论 肺癌结节大小和深度综合影响肺切除术方式的选择,本研究首次证实越深越大的肺结节需要切除更大范围的肺组织才能获得安全切缘,肺结节内缘距离最近胸膜≤2 cm可能是楔形切除的理想指征。

Background and objective Current studies suggest that for early-stage lung cancers with a component of ground-glass opacity measuring≤2 cm,sublobar resection is suitable if it ensures adequate margins.However,lobectomy may be necessary for some cases to achieve this.The aim of this study was to explore the impact of size and depth on surgical techniques for wedge resection,segmentectomy,and lobectomy in early-stage lung cancer≤2 cm,and to determine methods for ensuring a safe resection margin during sublobar resections.Methods Clinical data from 385 patients with early-stage lung can-cer≤2 cm,who underwent lung resection in 2022,were subject to a retrospective analysis,covering three types of procedures:wedge resection,segmentectomy and lobectomy.The depth indicator as the OA value,which is the shortest distance from the inner edge of a pulmonary nodule to the opening of the corresponding bronchus,and the AB value,which is the distance from the inner edge of the nodule to the pleura,were measured.For cases undergoing lobectomy and segmentectomy,three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA)was performed to statistically determine the number of subsegments required for segmentectomy.The cutting margin width for wedge resection and segmentectomy was recorded,as well as the specific subsegments and their quantities removed during lung segmentectomy were documented.Results In wedge resection,segmentectomy,and lobectomy,the sizes of pulmonary nodules were(1.08±0.29)cm,(1.31±0.34)cm and(1.50±0.35)cm,respectively,while the depth of the nodules(OA values)was 6.05(5.26,6.85)cm,4.43(3.27,5.43)cm and 3.04(1.80,4.18)cm for each procedure,showing a progressive increasing trend(P<0.001).The median resec-tion margin width obtained from segmentectomy was 2.50(1.50,3.00)cm,significantly greater than the 1.50(1.15,2.00)cm from wedge resection(P<0.001).In wedge resections,cases where AB value>2 cm demonstrated a higher proportion of cases with resection margins less than 2 cm compared to those with margins greater than 2 cm(29.03%vs 12.90%,P=0.019).When utilizing the size of the nodule as the criterion for resection margin,the instances with AB value>2 cm continued to show a higher proportion in the ratio of margin distance to tumor size less than 1(37.50%vs 17.39%,P=0.009).The median number of subsegments for segmentectomy was three,whereas lobectomy cases requiring segmentectomy involved five subsegments(P<0.001).Conclusion The selection of the surgical approach for lung resection is influenced by both the size and depth of pulmonary nodules.This study first confirms that larger portions of lung tissue must be removed for nodules that are deeper and larger to achieve a safe margin.A distance of≤2 cm from the inner edge of the pulmonary nodule to the nearest pleura may be the ideal indication for performing wedge resection.