玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂板材的制备与性能研究

Study on Preparation and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene/Nylon Hybrid Sheet

玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有重复成型、高韧性、高耐久性、可设计、环境友好及可回收利用等优势。为解决由聚丙烯树脂粘度高与尼龙树脂吸水率高引起的复合材料成型工艺与耐久性问题,本项目采用模压工艺研发并制备了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂复合材料板材,研究了混杂模式对于板材力学性能与热性能的影响规律与机理,比较分析了水分子在混杂复合材料内的扩散行为。研究发现,单层层间交替混杂模式板材具有最高的力学性能,拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度最大提升率为132.8%、127.4%和110.4%,归因于混杂板材中两种预浸带在层间粘结-挤压作用下协同受力,材料性能充分发挥;相比之下,五层预浸带层间交替混杂模式板材存在明显薄弱界面层,削弱了板材整体协同受力作用。此外,混杂板材由于聚丙烯树脂憎水性以及逐层交替混杂模式,延缓或阻止了水分子在尼龙树脂内部的吸收和扩散行为,导致混杂板材吸水率大幅下降,这对于提升尼龙树脂基复合材料的耐久性具有重要意义。

Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have advantages,such as repeated molding,high toughness,high durability,designability,environmental friendliness and recyclability.To solve the problems of molding technology and durability of composites caused by high viscosity of polypropylene resin and high water absorption of nylon resin,this project adopted a molding process to develop and prepare glass fiber reinforced polypropylene/nylon hybrid composite sheets.The influence mechanism of hybrid modes on the mechanical and thermal properties of the sheets were studied,and the diffusion behavior of water molecules in the hybrid composite materials was compared and analyzed.Research has found that the single-layer interlaminar alternating hybrid mode sheet has the highest mechanical properties,with the maximum improvement rates of tensile,bending,and shear strength of 132.8%,127.4%,and 110.4%,which was attributed to the synergistic load-bearing effect of two prepreg tape of hybrid sheet under the interlayer bonding-extrusion effect,and the material properties were fully utilized.In contrast,the interlaminar alternating hybrid mode of the five-layer prepreg tape sheet has a significantly weak interface layer,which weakened the overall synergistic load-bearing effect of the sheet.In addition,due to the hydrophobicity of polypropylene resin and the alternating layer by layer hybrid mode,the absorption and diffusion behavior of water molecules inside the nylon resin were delayed or prevented,resulting in a significant decrease in the water absorption rate of the hybrid sheet,which was of great significance for improving the long-term durability of nylon resin based composites.