线粒体质量控制与肿瘤研究进展

Research progress on the tumor and mitochondrial quality control

线粒体作为细胞的动力工厂,对细胞能量代谢、细胞死亡等生物学过程具有极其重要的作用。不同于其他细胞器,线粒体含有独特的DNA,并且极易受到多种因素刺激导致DNA损伤。损伤的线粒体DNA会进一步导致线粒体蛋白复合体改变,并通过生成氧自由基等多种机制导致肿瘤的发生。为了维持稳定的线粒体功能,线粒体存在多种机制修复损伤,其依据不同受损程度启动不同修复机制,这一过程称为“线粒体质量控制”。线粒体质量控制机制主要包括线粒体衍生囊泡、线粒体融合/裂变、线粒体自噬等。本文综述了不同的线粒体质量控制机制及其在肿瘤中的作用,并且列举了线粒体质量控制过程中发挥重要功能的蛋白质的相关功能和肿瘤研究进展。此外,线粒体在药物靶点及肿瘤液体活检标志物的开发方面具有极其重要的转化医学前景。相信对于线粒体功能及相关机制的深入探索,能够有助于解决目前肿瘤研究存在的问题。

As the powerhouse of cells,mitochondria plays an extremely important role in biological processes such as energy metabolism and cell death.Unlike other organelles,mitochondria contain unique DNA and are easily stimulated by many factors that lead to DNA damage.Damaged mitochondrial DNA can further cause changes in mitochondrial protein complexes and lead to the occurrence of tumor through various mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species.In order to maintain stable mitochondrial function,mitochondria have multiple mechanisms for repairing damage,which based on different degrees of damage.This process is called“mitochondrial quality control”.The mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control mainly include mitochondrial derived vesicles,mitochondrial fusion/fission,and mitophagy,etc.This article provides an overview of different mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and their roles in tumor,and lists relevant functions of proteins which play important roles in mitochondrial quality control and tumor.In addition,mitochondria have extremely important translational medical prospects in the development of drug targets and tumor liquid biopsy biomarkers.It is believed that deeper exploration of mitochondrial function and related mechanisms can help solve the current problems in tumor research.