中国人造板工业的发展历程与未来展望

Evolution and Future Prospect of China Wood-based Panels Industry

人造板工业是木材综合利用、高效利用和高值化利用的重要途径。人造板原料来自可再生的森林资源,其生产过程的碳排放远低于钢材、塑料、水泥等材料。发展人造板工业不仅可以缓解我国木材供需矛盾,助力我国“碳中和”目标实现,而且还能提高营林效益、推动人工林建设、改善生态环境。本文简要回顾了我国人造板工业100年来的发展历程,从产业发展速度和质量的视角,提出我国人造板工业的发展分为4个阶段:培育和成长期(1920—1990)、快速发展期(1991—2008)、高速发展期(2009—2020)和高质量发展期(2021至今)。前3个阶段我国人造板产量年平均增速分别为3.5万m^(3)、507万m^(3)和1087.6万m^(3)。重点比较分析了胶合板、刨花板和纤维板在我国人造板工业发展过程中的历史地位和变化。文章还对我国人造板工业的未来发展进行了展望,认为挑战和机遇并存,高质量发展和绿色循环低碳发展是我国人造板工业未来的发展方向和必由之路。

The wood-based panels industry represents a strategic avenue for the comprehensive,efficient,and value-added use of wood,leveraging renewable forest resources with significantly lower carbon emissions compared to conventional materials like steel,plastics and cement.This industry plays a crucial role in mitigating wood supply-demand imbalances in China,advancing the nation's carbon neutrality objectives,enhancing forest management efficiency,expanding plantation forest coverage,and fostering ecological improvement.This paper traces the century-long evolution of China wood-based panel sector,categorizing its development into four phases:the cultivation and growth period(1920-1990),the rapid development period(1991-2008),the high-speed development period(2009-2020),and the high-quality development period(2021-present).It presents an analysis of the historical trends and shifts within the industry,focusing on plywood,particleboard,and fiberboard production,and projects future growth trajectories.Despite facing both challenges and opportunities,the industry is poised for a transition towards sustainable,high-quality development underscored by green,circular,and low-carbon strategies.