规范、制度与选择:大学教师的学术职业发展

Norms,System and Choices:The Academic Career Development of University Teachers

从学术职业的视角出发,大学教师职业发展面临内部角色冲突与外部发展理念选择的双重困境。由学术职业历史变迁生成的教学、科研、社会服务三大职能构成了大学教师职业发展的社会规范,社会规范与个人能力间的差距产生了内部角色的张力;国家、市场、学术共同体三种力量相互交织构成大学教师职业发展的学术制度,而学术制度与学术性的内在矛盾塑造了大学教师的利益与理念抉择。从大学教师主体出发,突破困境的核心在于认清自身主观意愿与外在客观条件的现实情况,明晰自身学术职业的发展方向,释放三重角色间的张力,在理念的指引下对利益进行取舍,做出理性选择。

Viewed from the perspective of academic career,university teachers'career development faces a dual dilemma of internal role conflict and the choice of external development concepts.The three major functions of teaching,scientific research,and social service generated by the historical changes of the academic career constitute the social norms for the professional development of university teachers.The gap between social norms and individual capabilities creates internal role tensions.The three forces of state,market,and academic community are intertwined to form the academic system for the professional development of university teachers,and the inherent contradiction between the academic system and academic research drives them to face the choice between interests and academic ideals.From the perspective of regarding university teachers as responsible and self-motivated individuals,the key to breaking through these dilemmas lies in recognizing one's own subjective desires and the practical situation of external objective conditions,clarifying the development direction of one's academic career,releasing the tension among the three roles,and making rational choices guided by academic ideals.