土耳其职业教育改革的目标定位和实践举措——基于《2023年教育愿景》的分析

Targets and Practices of the Reform of Vocational Education in Turkey——An Analysis Based on Education Vision 2023

土耳其职业教育主要分为正规职业教育、非正规职业教育和学徒教育三种基本类型。2018年,土耳其国家教育部发布了《2023年教育愿景》,以期在2023年土耳其建国百年之际实现七大教育目标,分别为价值目标、机会目标、课程目标、师资目标、人才培养目标、社会服务目标和国家安全目标。为此,土耳其职业教育改革的实践举措主要包括:以政策改革为先导,推进职业教育规范化发展;以千校工程为抓手,推动职业教育均衡化发展;以教科书修订为关键,推动职业教育公平化发展;以待遇提升为支撑,推进职业教育多产化发展;以卓越职业培训中心建设为核心,推进职业教育示范性发展。

Vocational education in Turkey can be mainly categorized into three basic types:formal vocational education,non-formal vocational education,and apprenticeship education.In 2018,the Ministry of National Education of Turkey released its EducationVision2023,aiming at achieving seven educational targets to celebrate the centennial of the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 2023.These seven targets are the value target,the opportunity target,the curriculum target,the teaching personnel target,the talents development target,the social service target and the national security target.The practices of the reform mainly includes:promoting the standardization of vocational education by taking policy reform as a guide;promoting the balanced development of vocational education by taking the 1,000-schools project as a handhold;promoting the fair development of vocational education by taking the revision of textbooks as a key;promoting the multi-productivity development of vocational education by taking the improvement of treatment as a support;promoting the exemplary development of vocational education by taking the construction of vocational training centers of excellence as the core.