3种脱色剂应用于大豆油脱色的效果

Decolorization effect of three decolorants on soybean oil

旨在为大豆油精炼中脱色剂的应用提供参考,以大豆碱炼油和3种常用脱色剂活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土为原料,考察了3种脱色剂对大豆油的脱色、脱皂和脱磷脂能力。结果表明:活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土添加量超过2%后,脱色率上升速率变慢;脱色剂添加量为3%时,活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土脱色率分别为92.1%、86.9%、90.7%;大豆碱炼油在426、450、479、665 nm波长处有吸收峰,可通过油样在上述4个波长处吸光度的变化来考察脱色剂的脱色能力;脱色剂添加量为1%时,活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土对叶绿素的脱除率分别为87.1%、67.7%、54.8%,脱皂率分别为84.5%、83.8%、78.9%,脱磷脂率分别为82.6%、83.5%、90.8%,脱色剂添加量为3%时,3种脱色剂的脱皂率和脱磷脂率均为100%。综上,活性白土的脱色效果最佳,可以通过减少碱炼油中的皂含量和磷脂含量来提升脱色剂对色素的吸附作用。

In order to provide a reference for the application of decolorant in soybean oil refining,the neutralized soybean oil and three commonly used decolorants(activated clay,attapulgite and neutral bentonite)were used as materials,the abilities of decolorization,soap removal and phospholipids removal from soybean oil of three decolorants were investigated.The results showed that the increasing rate of decolorization rate slowed down when the addition amount of activated clay,attapulgite and neutral bentonite exceeded 2%.When the addition amount of decolorants was 3%,the decolorization rates of activated clay,attapulgite and neutral bentonite were 92.1%,86.9%and 90.7%,respectively.The neutralized soybean oil had absorption peaks at 426,450,479 nm and 665 nm.The decolorization ability of the decolorants could be evaluated by the change of the absorbance of the oil sample at the above four wavelengths.When the addition amount of decolorants was 1%,the chlorophyll removal rates of activated clay,attapulgite and neutral bentonite were 87.1%,67.7% and 54.8%,respectively,the soap removal rates were 84.5%,83.8% and 78.9%,respectively,and the phospholipids removal rates were 82.6%,83.5% and 90.8%,respectively.When the addition amount of decolorants was 3%,the soap removal rate and phospholipids removal rate of the three decolorants reached 100%.In general,the decolorization effect of activated clay is the best,and the adsorption effect for pigments of decolorants can be improved by reducing the soap and phospholipids contents in neutralized oil.