不同地区的光污染评价模型与实例研究

Model and Case Study of Light Pollution Evaluation in Different Regions

随着社会经济的快速发展,环境问题日益凸显,其中光污染就是一种新型的环境污染.受多种因素影响,不同地区的光污染水平不尽相同.文章构建一个适用于分析不同地区光污染水平的评价模型.首先,从社会经济、环境和夜间照明强度三个方面选择了与之相关的7个指标构建指标体系;其次,采用熵值加权法和层次分析法中的判断矩阵来获得各指标的综合权重;接着,通过TOPSIS加权得到光污染水平分数.借助聚类分析将光污染水平划分为4个等级:轻度、中度、重度和严重.然后,选取分别对应城市社区、郊区社区、农村社区和保护地这4种类型地点,分别为:上海、开封市、张家口市和神农架林区,计算这些地点的光污染分数并判断等级.与实际相较发现,该模型可以准确评估不同类型地区的光污染水平,传递有效信息.最后通过灵敏度分析,进一步证明了该模型的稳定性和准确性.

With the rapid development of society and economy,environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent,and light pollution is a new type of environmental pollu-tion.Infuenced by various factors,the light pollution level varies in different regions.In this paper,an evaluation model is constructed for analyzing the light pollution level in different re-gions.First,seven indicators related to socio-economic,environmental,and nighttime lighting intensity are selected to build the indicator system;then,the entropy weighting method and the judgment matrix in hierarchical analysis are used to obtain the comprehensive weight of each indicator;finally,the light pollution level score is calculated by TOPSIS.With the help of cluster analysis,the light pollution level is divided into four levels:mild,moderate,severe,and serious.Meanwhile,relevant data corresponding to four types of locations:Shanghai,Kaifeng City,Zhangjiakou City and Shennongjia Forest Area,respectively,are selected to calculate the light pollution scores and judge the levels of these locations.Compared with the actual,it was found that the model can accurately assess the light pollution level in different types of areas and convey effective information.Finally,the stability and accuracy of the model were further demonstrated by sensitivity analysis.