论孟浩然与李白的交游、复古诗学及“以古运律”的创作

On Meng Haoran’s Association with Li Bai,Restoration Poetics,and the Composition of“to Write the Regulated Verse in an Ancient-style”

从现存4首李白赠孟浩然的诗作可知,两人交游颇为密切,孟浩然对李白的诗学思想和诗歌创作产生了积极的影响。孟浩然、李白都是盛唐复古诗学的代表人物。“文章推后辈,风雅激颓波”是孟浩然复古诗学的总纲领,他标举“风雅”“六义”以革除齐梁的颓靡文风,继承了陈子昂等人关于比兴寄托的思想。在创作上,他强调伫兴而作,追求一种以“清”为突出特点的风格。孟浩然在创作实践上以五言为主,前人称其“大得建安之体”,突出表现为五律一体中“以古运律”的创作特点。无论在复古诗学观念,还是重五言轻七言,以及在五律一体中表现突出的“以古运律”的创作实践,孟浩然和李白都堪称同调。

From the four surviving poems of Li Bai to Meng Haoran,it can be seen that the two were quite close,and Meng Haoran had a positive influence on Li Bai’s poetic thought and poetry.Meng Haoran and Li Bai were both representatives of the flourishing Tang’s Restoration Poetics.The general program of Meng Haoran’s Restoration Poetics was“to push forward the next generation of writers,and to stimulate decadence through ideal poetry(Wenzhang Tui Houbei,FengYa ji tuibo文章推后辈,风雅激颓波)”;he labeled the ideal poetry(Fengya风雅)and six kinds of writing poems(Liuyi六义)in order to eliminate the decadent literary style of the Qi and Liang Dynasties,and inherited the ideas of Bixing Jituo(比兴寄托)from Chen Zi’ang and others.In his creative work,he emphasized the need to compose for desire,and pursued a style characterized by“clarity(Qing清)”.Meng Haoran,in his creative practice,mainly wrote the pentasyllabic verse(Wuyan Shi五言诗),which was said to be“very much in line with the style of Jian’an”,highlighting the creative feature of“using the ancient to carry out the law”in the pentasyllabic regulated verse(Wuyan Lvshi五言律诗).Whether in the concept of retro-poetics,or in the emphasis on the pentasyllabic verse and light on the heptasyllabic verse,as well as in the pentasyllabic regulated verse of the one outstanding creative practice to write the regulated verse in an ancient-style(Yigu YuLv,以古运律),Meng Haoran and Li Bai can be said to be in the same key.