“诗之出位”与诗、画会通——论杜甫题画诗对“文人画”生成之影响

The Interaction Between Poetry and Painting:Research on Du Fu’s Painting Poems and the Generation of“Literati Paintings”

有唐一代,文学、艺术全面繁荣并互相影响,题画诗创作兴盛,爱好绘画艺术的诗人杜甫,被公认为唐代题画诗创作的“第一人”。从盛唐到中唐,政治与社会、文化都经历重大转折,绘画艺术精神也同步发生重大变革。杜甫身处这一时期,高度关注绘画,以“诗人之眼”赏画、论画,其题画诗体现诗、画会通的美学思想:以“神”“气”论画,追求“传神”,强调“立意”;以画“遣兴”,在题画诗中表达山水隐逸的趣味与立意。杜甫的绘画艺术理念,体现出诗歌思想的影响,也一定程度上反映出绘画实践变革的动向。杜甫题画诗及其绘画观念入宋以后深得推崇,不仅影响了唐代画史的建构,也对“文人画”理念的生成与绘画创作实践作出重大贡献。

In the Tang Dynasty,literature and art flourished and influenced each other,and the creation of painting poems flourished.Du Fu,a poet who loved painting art,was recognized as the first person who created painting poems in the Tang Dynasty.From the flourishing Tang Dynasty to the Middle Tang Dynasty,politics,society and culture all experienced a great turning point,and the spirit of painting art also underwent a great change.In this period,Du Fu paid great attention to painting,appreciated painting and discussed painting with the“poet’s eye”,and his poetry on painting reflected the aesthetic thought that poetry and painting could be connected:He discussed painting with“Shen(神)”and“Qi(气)”,pursued vivid painting skills and emphasized to express personal interest and ambition,enjoy painting for entertainment;Expressed reclusive ideology in landscape painting.Du Fu’s idea of painting art reflects the influence of poetic thought,and also reflects the trend of the change of painting practice to a certain extent.Du Fu’s painting poems and his painting concept were highly respected after the Song Dynasty,which not only influenced the construction of the painting history of the Tang Dynasty,but also made a great contribution to the generation of the idea of“Literati Painting(文人画)”and the practice of painting creation.