建筑体对下游垂直轴风力机气动性能影响研究

Influence of building structure on aerodynamic performance of downstream vertical axis wind turbine

为有效利用城市风能,提高风力机运行效率,需对建筑体下游风力机位置分布开展研究。采用计算流体力学方法分析不同建筑体结构下游各位置处风速及风力机气动性能。结果表明:建筑体对自由来流的阻塞、加速与偏转作用可有效提高下游部分位置处风速,提升风力机气动性能;圆形建筑体对下游流场影响较小,各位置处平均风速接近自由来流;相比之下,三角形与四边形建筑体下游风速波动较为剧烈,平均风速较高,风力机转矩较圆形建筑体下游风力机的有较大提升;对于相同外廓建筑体,立式矩形较大的受风面积可扩大其背风低压区范围,有效提高下游流场风速,较卧式矩形建筑体具有更好的聚风效果。

It is necessary to study the locations of wind turbine in the downstream of buildings to effectively utilize the urban wind energy and improve their operation efficiency.In this paper,the influence of building structure on wind speed and aerodynamic performance of wind turbine downstream was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics method.Results show that the blocking,acceleration,and deflection of free inlet flow by buildings can effectively improve the wind speed somewhere downstream and improve the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine.The circular structure has little influence on the downstream flow field,and the average wind speed at each location is close to the free flow.In contrast,the wind speed in the downstream of triangular and quadrilateral buildings fluctuates violently,and their average wind speed is higher.The torque of wind turbine improves greatly compared with that in the downstream of circular building.For the same outer profile of buildings,the large wind-receiving area of vertical rectangle building can increase the leeward low-pressure area,which effectively improves the wind speed of downstream flow field and has better wind-gathering effect than the horizontal rectangular building.