氮沉降增加对中国森林生态系统的生态效应

Ecological Effects of Increased Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystems in China

随着工业的快速发展和化学肥料的大量使用,大气中氮含量逐渐增加,大气氮沉降现象越来越明显,至今仍为研究热点。森林生态系统是陆地上最重要生态系统,氮沉降会影响其中许多的生态过程。通过综合文献中的实验和观测数据,综述了中国森林对长期氮沉降增加的响应。重点从森林生长和碳固存、土壤生物地球化学特征和酸化、植物养分化学计量学、林下生物多样性等方面讨论了氮沉降对中国森林的影响。此外还介绍了氮沉降增加对中国森林生态系统研究存在的问题和未来研究的重点。考虑到未来中国森林氮沉降的组成和氮沉降负荷的变化趋势,进一步研究氮沉降对森林生态系统的影响将对中国森林的管理策略具有重要意义。

With the rapid development of industry and the massive use of chemical fertilizers,the nitrogen content in the atmosphere is gradually increasing,and the phenomenon of atmospheric nitrogen deposition is becoming more and more obvious,and is still a hot spot for research.Forest ecosystems are the most important ecosystems on land,and nitrogen deposition affects many ecological processes in them.By synthesizing experimental and observational data from the literature,the response of Chinese forests to increased long-term nitrogen deposition is reviewed.The effects of nitrogen deposition on Chinese forests are discussed with emphasis on forest growth and carbon sequestration,soil biogeochemical characteristics and acidification,plant nutrient stoichiometry,and understory biodiversity.The problems and future research priorities of the study of increased nitrogen deposition on Chinese forest ecosystems are also presented.Considering the future trends in the composition of nitrogen deposition and nitrogen deposition load in Chinese forests,further research on the effects of nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems will be important for the management strategies of Chinese forests.