明清江南戏曲商业出版的人才资源、读者市场与编排策略

The Talent Resources,Reader Market,and Text Layout of Commercial Publishing of Jiangnan Opera in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清江南地区不仅戏曲作者、编辑人员、书坊主和优秀刻工都较国内其他区域为多,而且也有着广阔的通俗文学读者市场,戏曲的商业出版非常兴盛。作为商业出版主体的书坊之间竞争激烈,为最大限度地吸引读者,提高自家刊刻的戏曲在书业中的竞争力,它们对戏曲文本进行了灵活编排,或以名家评点,或以资料附录,或以插图精美等标举特色。但随着清代中叶以后戏曲创作逐渐脱离大众审美情趣,特别是书业中心转移和出版技术更新,江南戏曲的商业出版逐渐走向没落。

In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Jiangnan region not only had more opera authors,editors,booksellers,and excellent engravers than other regions in China,but also had a vast market for popular literature readers,and the commercial publishing of opera was very prosperous.As the main body of commercial publishing,bookstores face fierce competition.In order to attract readers to the greatest extent and improve the competitiveness of their own published operas in the book industry,they have flexibly arranged the texts of operas,either with the comments of famous artists,or with the appendix of materials,or with exquisite illustrations to highlight their characteristics.But with the gradual departure of traditional Chinese opera creation from the popular aesthetic taste after the mid Qing Dynasty,especially the shift of the book industry center and the updating of publishing technology,the commercial publishing of Jiangnan opera gradually declined.