精神审美学论纲——兼论“审美即道德”与“审美即宗教”问题

An Outline of Spiritual Aesthetics:Also on“the Identity of Aesthetics and Morality”and“the Identity of Aesthetics and Religion”

人类的审美活动可以划分为两种类型,一种是非精神学意义上进行的审美活动,另一种是从人之精神性需要或精神欲求出发的审美活动。就人对于世界之存在以及人自身的精神审美而言,它其实是对于两种“精神质料”的审美:“壮美”与“优美”。人类的道德意识以及道德行为之产生,就来源于对这两种精神质料的精神审美。优美以及壮美的精神审美机制在于反思判断力之运用。这种反思判断力是以精神审美的游戏方式展开的,其中体现了人的精神自由。人类的精神审美是天道原理与天择原理的统一。人通过精神审美知道人成为精神审美的艺术品之后可以实现“永生”。这种精神审美观对于生活于苦难中的人类来说具有宗教性的“救赎”意义。

Our aesthetic activities can be divided into two types:one is in the non-spiritual sense and the other is originating from human spiritual needs or spiritual desires.As far as the spiritual aesthetic activities towards the existence of the world and the human itself is concerned,their objects actually consist of two kinds of“spiritual material”,i.e.,“the sublime”and“the beautiful”.The human moral consciousness and moral behaviors do come from the spiritual aesthetic activities of these two kinds of spiritual material.Their mechanism lies in the application of reflective judgement,which is carried out in spiritual aesthetic games and reflects human spiritual freedom.Human spiritual aesthetic activities embody the unity of the principle of the Dao of Heaven and the principle of natural selection.Human beings know that they can realize“eternal life”after becoming an artwork through spiritual aesthetic activities.This spiritual aesthetic view has the significance of religious“redemption”for human beings in suffering.