“蔽”无可避:荀子“解蔽”的诠释学考察

The Unavoidability of“Covering”:A Hermeneutical Analysis of Xunzi’s“Uncovering”

“解蔽”是荀子提出的思想主张,集中体现在《荀子·解蔽》篇中。“解蔽”指解除理解中的不合理前见。荀子把人性中的情与知的偏见都视为“蔽”,以礼让忠信和君王统治的实践效果作为评判“蔽”的依据,主张以“化性起伪”涤除人性之蔽,用“虚一而静”解除知识之蔽。荀子的“解蔽”仍有其蔽,他的“解蔽”是以孔子仁义之道这一前见取代其他诸子前见,目的是把儒家思想建成具有唯一合理性的前见。荀子因其“蔽”而成就自身的同时,却局限于自我的理解之蔽,否定了诸子思想之“蔽”的积极意义,阻碍了思想的平等对话与会通,所以,荀子的“解蔽”是一种独断型的诠释模式。

Xunzi’s idea of“uncovering”(jiebi)as removing unreasonable prejudices in understanding mainly embodies in the chapter of“Uncovering”in the book of Xunzi.Xunzi regards both the emotional and intellectual prejudices in human nature as the“covering”,judged according to the practical effects of rituality,loyalty,faithfulness and monarchism.He advocates the elimination of the“covering”of human nature by“transforming one’s nature and initiating conscious activities”on the one hand,and the removal of the“covering”of knowledge by keeping“vacuity,unity and quiescence”on the other.However,there is still a“covering”in Xunzi’s“uncovering”.His“uncovering”is to replace the preconceptions of other various intellectual schools with Confucian benevolence and righteousness.In this way,he attempts to establish Confucianism as the only reasonable preconception.While he has become successful due to his“covering”,Xunzi is limited to the“covering”of his own understanding and consequently denies the positive significance of the“covering”of other schools and hinders the equal dialogue and communication of ideas.In this sense,Xunzi’s“uncovering”constitutes a mode of dogmatic hermeneutics.