海南两系杂交稻制种适宜区域与时段选择

Selection of Suitable Areas and Periods for Seed Production in Two-line Hybrid Rice Plants in Hainan

掌握两系杂交稻在海南制种的气象灾害风险,是科学合理安排两系杂交稻制种生长期的重要依据。针对两系杂交水稻制种过程中的3个关键阶段(育性敏感安全期、抽穗扬花授粉安全期和灌浆安全期)的气象灾害概率进行分析,通过数据分析和实例验证得出各地区制种的安全时段,以及需重点考虑的气象灾害。海南两系杂交水稻育性敏感安全期可安排在3月上旬至4月中旬,三亚、陵水地区从3月上旬开始;乐东、东方、昌江从3月下旬至4月上旬开始;临高在4月中旬至下旬左右,不同界限温度变化略有先后。各地花期的阴雨天气较为随机且概率较小;临高、昌江地区制种重点关注灌浆安全期干热风等危害,提早播种。目前海南水稻制种区域和时段合理,可根据不育系材料不育起点温度阈值和耐受低温时间长短,适当调整播种时段。

The risk of meteorological disasters in the seed production of two-line hybrid rice is a vital basis for the scientific and reasonable arrangement of the growth period of two-line hybrid rice.This study analyzed the probability of meteorological disasters in three crucial stages of the two-line hybrid rice seed production process,including the sensitive period of fertility,the period of heading,flowering,and pollination,and the period of seed maturation and harvest.The safe periods for seed production in each region and the meteorological disasters that need to be given special consideration were determined through data analysis and example verification.The sensitive period for two-line hybrid rice seed production in Hainan can be arranged from early March to mid-April;in the Sanya and Lingshui areas,it starts from early March;in Ledong,Dongfang,and Chang-jiang,it starts from late March to early April;and in Lingao,it is approximately mid to late April,with slightly different tem-perature limits.The rainy weather during the flowering period in each region is relatively random,and the probability is small.The Lingao and Changjiang areas need to pay special attention to dry and hot wind hazards during maturation and sow seeds earlier.Currently,the rice seed production areas and periods in Hainan are reasonable,and sowing can be appropriately ad-justed based on the threshold temperature of the sterile material and the length of tolerance to low temperatures.