中国页岩气研究与发展20年:回顾与展望

Two decades of shale gas research & development in China:Review and prospects

中国页岩气科学研究和勘探开发已历经20年,创新形成了以中国南方海相页岩气富集规律为代表的诸多理论与认识,支撑了国内页岩气产业健康快速发展,2023年中国页岩气产量达250×10^(8) m^(3),在当年全国天然气总产量中的占比超过10%,页岩气已经成为中国天然气产量增量的主力军之一。为了给中国页岩气产业高质量发展提供借鉴和参考,系统回顾了国内页岩气科学研究和勘探开发历程,归纳总结了富有机质页岩发育机理、页岩气优质储层特征及其成因机制、页岩气源—储协同演化机制、页岩气赋存机理与含气性评价、页岩气富集高产机理与评价、页岩气储层改造、页岩气开采等理论和技术进展,分析研判了面临的技术难题和挑战,指出了海相/陆相/海陆过渡相页岩气富集高产机理、基于动态演化过程的页岩气富集区评价方法、低丰度页岩气高效开发技术以及提高页岩气采收率技术等4个亟需攻关的研究方向。进而针对中国页岩气商业化勘探开发所面临的挑战,提出以下建议:从新区新领域、老区挖潜及提高采收率现场试验等方面开展页岩气勘探开发攻关探索,以期早日实现中国页岩气多领域多层系、由点到面的大突破和大规模高效勘探开发,全方位推进中国页岩气革命,提升能源高效供给能力,保障国家能源供应安全。

The research,exploration and production of shale gas in China have made great progress during the past two decades.A series of innovative recognitions formed in the past time,such as the mechanism of marine shale gas enrichment in southern China,have supported the rapid development of shale gas.In 2023,China's shale gas production reached 250×10^(8) m^(3),accounting for more than 10%of the total natural gas production.Thus,shale gas is a major contributor to China's additional gas production.Based on a comprehensive review on the history of research,exploration and production of shale gas in China,this paper summarizes the progress in some theories and technologies,including the organic-rich shale formation mechanism,the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs,the source-reservoir co-evolution mechanism,the shale gas occurrence mechanism and gas content evaluation,the enrichment and high-yield mechanisms and evaluation technologies,the reservoir stimulation techniques,and the production technique.Additionally,the paper identifies the technical challenges and delineates four research directions(the enrichment and high-yield mechanisms of marine,continental and transitional shale gases,the methods for evaluating shale gas enrichment zones based on dynamic evolution process,the efficient development techniques for low-abundance shale gas,and the enhanced gas recovery(EGR) techniques.In light of the challenges confronted by commercial shale gas exploration and production in China,the paper recommends to carry out shale gas exploration and production from three aspects:new zones/areas,tapping the potential and increasing the reserves recovery in old areas,and EGR field tests.These efforts are expected to support the extensive and efficient exploration and production of shale gas in multiple fields and multiple layers,so as to effectively contribute to China's shale gas revolution in an all-round way and ultimately ensure the national energy security.