植物果实中维生素C合成代谢及其基因表达研究

Research on Vitamin C Synthesis Metabolism and Gene Expression in Plant Fruits

维生素C(Vitamin C),又名抗坏血酸(Ascorbate acid,AsA),是生物体中具有多效功能的必需化合物。整理了植物果实中维生素C的生理功能以及其中参与维生素C合成的L-半乳糖途径、D-半乳糖醛酸途径、L-古洛糖途径、肌醇途径和维生素C循环途径,并分析了相关基因的功能和表达。对参与维生素C合成与循环的16个基因:PMI、PMM、GMP、GME、GGP、GPP、GalDH、GLDH、GalUR、MIOX、GuLDH、MDHAR、DHAR、AO、APX、GR,及其在维生素C代谢途径中的作用进行了综述。植物果实中维生素C合成代谢途径多样,关键基因的表达会在不同程度上影响其合成代谢,了解植物果实中维生素C合成代谢及相关基因的功能和表达,可为生产富含维生素C的转基因水果和蔬菜奠定基础。

Vitamin C,also known as Ascorbate acid(AsA),was an essential compound with multiple functions in many organisms.This article reviewed the physiological functions of vitamin C in plants,as well as the L-galactose pathway,D-galactouronic acid pathway,L-gulose pathway,inositol pathway and ascorbic acid cycle pathway involved in AsA synthesis in plant fruits,and analyzed the functions and expressions of related genes.16 genes involved in the synthesis and circulation of AsA:PMI,PMM,GMP,GME,GGP,GPP,GalDH,GLDH,GalUR,MIOX,GuLDH,MDHAR,DHAR,AO,APX,GR,and their roles in AsA metabolic pathways were reviewed.The pathways of AsA synthesis and metabolism in plant fruits were diverse.And the expressions of key genes affected the synthesis and metabolism of AsA in fruits to varying degrees.Understanding the function and expression of AsA synthesis and related genes in plant fruits could lay the foundation for the production of transgenic fruit and vegetable rich in AsA.