经典名方中龙葵的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Solanum Nigrum in Famous Classical Formulas

通过收集整理本草古籍和现代文献,考证经典名方中龙葵的名称、基原、产地、品质、炮制、性味、功效。经考证,历代主流均以“龙葵”为正名,尚有多个别名,多源于其形态和性味功效。龙葵的正品基原应为今茄科(Solanaceae)茄属(Solanum)龙葵(Solanum nigrum),其全国均有产,常在夏秋采收,品质以茎叶色绿、带果者为佳。古代炮制多为阴干或使用鲜品,与现代较为一致,但近现代多加以切段。古今龙葵常以生品入药。古代多认为其味苦性寒且无毒,而1977年版《中国药典》载其性味苦、微甘,寒,有小毒,用于治疗疮疖肿痛、肿瘤等。古代含龙葵的方剂龙葵膏、龙葵根散、龙葵散主要用于疮疡,而人参散用于吐血;现代含龙葵的方剂白英清喉汤、软坚解毒汤、泄肺逐饮汤、山甲龙葵汤、祛瘀散结汤、龙葵苡仁汤均用于各种癌症。

This study collected and sorted out ancient books and modern literature to examine the name,origin,origin distribution,quality,processing,sexual flavor effect of Solanum nigrum in the classic prescriptions.According to textual research,S.nigrum was used as the correct name by the mainstream of the past dynasties.Its alias was mostly related to shape,taste and effect.The original source of Solanum nigrum was considered to be S.nigrum of Solanaceae and Solanum genus,which was produced throughout the country.It was often harvested in summer and fall.The quality of the stem and leaves green with fruit was good.In ancient times,the processing were dried in the shade or used fresh,which was more consistent with modern times.However,S.nigrum was often cut into segments for medicinal purposes in modern times.S.nigrum was often used raw as medicine.In ancient times,S.nigrum was thought to be bitter in taste,cold in nature,and non-toxic.While S.nigrum was recorded that it was bitter in taste,slightly sweet,cold,and slightly toxic in the 1977 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.S.nigrum was used to treat furuncle swelling and pain,tumors,and other conditions.The ancient prescriptions containing S.nigrum were included Longkui ointment,Longkuigen powder,and Longkui powder,which were mainly used to treat sores.And Renshen powder was used to treat hematemesis.The modern formulations containing S.nigrum,such as Baiying Qinghou decoction,Ruanjian Jiedu decoction,Xiefei Zhuyin decoction,Shanjia Longkui decoction,Quyu Sanjie decoction,and Longkui Yiren decoction,were all used to treat various cancers.