空巢老人社区医养结合服务需求及影响因素研究

Study on the demand and influencing factors of the integrated medical and elderly care services for empty nesters in the community

[目的]分析空巢老人所在社区医养结合服务需求现状并探讨其影响因素,为优化社区医养结合服务及提高空巢老人健康水平提供参考。[方法]基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素追踪调查数据(CLHLS),描述空巢老人所在社区医养结合服务需求与社区供给情况,通过χ2检验与二分类Logistic回归分析探究空巢老人的社区医养结合需求的主要影响因素。[结果]共纳入4087名空巢老人作为研究对象,7种社区医养结合服务需求与供给占比分别为起居照料服务(64.9%,9.1%)、日常购物服务(62.2%,11.2%)、社交娱乐服务(69.3%,24.5%)、上门看病送药服务(81.2%,34.6%)、医疗保健知识教育服务(75.7%,45.0%)、心理咨询服务(68.3%,14.0%)及法律援助服务(66.9%,23.4%)。年龄、去年家庭总收入、有无医疗保险、有无养老保险、子女数等因素是影响空巢老人社区医养结合服务需求的重要因素(P<0.05)。[结论]空巢老人所在社区的医养结合服务存在供给量无法满足服务需求的现象,应通过加快构建高质量的老年人社会保障体系、关注重点空巢老人群体、提供针对性的医养结合服务等举措促进社区医养结合模式的完善。

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of integrated medical and elderly care services for empty nesters in the community,and to provide the reference for optimizing integrated medical and elderly care services in the community and improving the health level of empty nesters.Methods Based on the data of 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),the study described the demand of empty nesters and supply of integrated medical and elderly care services in the community.The main influencing factors of the demand of integrated medical and elderly care services in the community for empty nesters were explored by using chi-square test and binary logistic regression.Results A total of 4087 empty nesters were included in the study.The proportion of demand and supply of seven integrated medical and elderly care services in the community were as follows:living care services(64.9%,9.1%),daily shopping services(62.2%,11.2%),social and entertainment services(69.3%,24.5%),housecalls and medicine delivery services(81.2%,34.6%),healthcare education services(75.7%,45.0%),psychological counseling services(68.3%,14.0%),and legal aid services(66.9%,23.4%).Age,total household income last year,possession of medical insurance,possession of pension insurance,and the number of children were important influencing factors of the demand for integrated medical and elderly care services in the community among empty nesters(P<0.05).Conclusions The supply of integrated medical and elderly care services in the community can not meet the demand of empty nesters.Measures should be taken to accelerate the construction of a high-quality social security system for the elderly,focus on key empty nesters,and provide targeted integrated medical and elderly care services to improve the integrated medical and elderly care services in the community.