腰椎峡部裂脊柱解剖学相关危险因素研究进展

Risk factors related to the spinal anatomy of lumbar spondylolysis:a review

腰椎峡部裂是指腰椎单侧或双侧椎弓上下关节突和横突移行区之间的骨质损伤,是导致患者下腰痛的常见病因,严重影响其生活质量。腰椎峡部裂的发生发展机制较为复杂,峡部遭受长期应力磨损和突发外力损伤是主要病因。同时,脊柱解剖学相关危险因素是导致腰椎峡部裂的重要病因。充分认识腰椎峡部裂的发病机制、早期识别高危人群并采取积极的预防措施,可降低其发生率。为此,笔者从脊柱解剖学相关的遗传易感因素、局部解剖因素和整体脊柱骨盆序列因素3个方面对腰椎峡部裂危险因素的研究进展进行综述,为峡部裂的预防和治疗提供参考。

Lumbar spondylolysis refers to the bone injury between the upper and lower articular processes and the transition zone of the transverse process of the unilateral or bilateral pedicle of the lumbar spine,being a common cause of low back pain in patients that seriously affects their quality of life.The mechanism of the occurrence and development of lumbar spondylolysis is complex,and long‑term stress wear and sudden damage with an external force are the main causes.At the same time,risk factors related to spinal anatomy are important causes of lumbar spondylolysis.A full understanding of the pathogenesis of lumbar spondylolysis,early identification of high‑risk groups,and active preventive measures can reduce its incidence.For this purpose,the authors reviewed the research progress in risk factors related to the spinal anatomy of lumbar spondylolysis from three aspects including genetical susceptibility,local anatomy and overall spine‑pelvic sequence,so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of spondylolysis.