武汉市洪涝灾害风险评估研究

Study on Flood Disaster Risk Assessment in Wuhan

在全球气候变暖背景下,城市所面临的洪涝灾害风险日渐增长。武汉市频受洪涝灾害侵扰,人民生活与经济发展受到严重影响,对武汉市洪涝灾害风险进行评估十分必要。从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性以及承灾体脆弱性三个角度出发选取了12个指标,使用随机森林回归与AHP-CRITIC组合赋权法完成指标筛选与权重赋值,最后通过ArcGIS平台将栅格数据依照权重相叠加得出武汉市洪涝灾害风险评估结果。结果表明:洪涝高风险区域集中于武汉中心城区与新洲区东北部;蔡甸区、汉南区、江夏区和东西湖区洪涝风险较低;黄陂区北部山区为低风险区域,东部与北部行政边界附近区域为较高风险区域,境内其他区域基本为中等风险区域。

Under the background of global warming,the risk of flood disasters faced by cities is increasing day by day.Wuhan is frequently affected by flood disasters,and people′s life and economic development are seriously affected.It is necessary to assess the risk of flood disasters in Wuhan.12 indicators were selected from the three perspectives of hazard factors,sensitivity of disaster-producing environment and vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body.The random forest regression and AHP-CRITIC combined weighting method were used to complete the indicator screening and weight assignment.Finally,the grid data were superimposed according to the weight through the ArcGIS platform to obtain the flood disaster risk assessment results in Wuhan.The results showed that the high-risk areas of flood and waterlogging are concentrated in the central urban area of Wuhan and the northeast of Xinzhou District;Caidian District,Hannan District,Jiangxia District and Dongxihu District are areas with low flood risk;The northern mountain area of Huangpi District is a low risk area,the area near the administrative boundary between the east and the north is a high risk area,and other areas in the territory are medium risk areas.