家事也是国事:婴幼儿托育服务政策议程设置研究

Family Matters are National matters:Research on Policy Agenda Setting for Childcare Service

随着我国生育政策的调整,婴幼儿托育服务供给侧矛盾日趋尖锐,婴幼儿照护已由传统的家事进入政府决策议程,一跃成为国事。以多源流理论为基础,结合儒家文化语境,建构出婴幼儿托育政策形塑的六源流分析框架:由家庭结构失序、供需失衡和机构失管构成问题流;由人口老龄化、政策提案、学术成果、意见领袖构成政策流;由党政理念、公众情绪、国际示范形成政治流;同时甄别出过程流、项目流、技术流在促进政策落地上的隐性作用,将研究触角延伸到运行机制。健康中国行动、生育政策调整加速了源流的汇聚耦合,政策企业家需要及时把握机会,促使政策之窗开启。未来应通过强化部门合作治理、健全托育服务网络、加大人才培养力度、推动托育数字化转型、增强家庭照护支持等措施,积极建构和完善“政府引导、多方参与、社会运营、普惠可及”的婴幼儿托育供给体系。

With China’s new birth policy,the infant and child care service is becoming increasingly in short supply,and infant and child care is not only a family matter but also a state affair on the government’s decision-making agenda.Multiple-streams theory is often used to explain policy agenda setting problems.This paper constructs a six-streams analytic framework for shaping childcare policies in the context of Confucian culture.The“policy problems stream”composed of the disordered family structure,the imbalance between supply and demand,and the lack of institutional governance;the“policy solution stream”concerning the population aging,the policy proposals,the academic achievements,and the opinion leaders;the“political stream”concerning party philosophy,public mood and international demonstrations.The hidden role of process stream,program stream and technology streamin facilitating the implementation of policies is identified,the research is extended to the operational mechanism,further enhancing the explanatory power.Implementation of the country’s Healthy China initiative and fertility policy adjustment accelerated the confluence of streams,and policy entrepreneurs must take advantage of these opportunities to promote the opening of policy windows.In the future,we should strengthen sectoral collaborative governance,improve the network of childcare services,increase the training of professionals,promote the digital transformation of childcare,and enhance family care support.