美国法不当域外适用的中国应对策略探索

China’s Countermeasures Against Unjustified Extraterritorial Application of U.S.Legislation

美国法域外适用具有较长的发展历史。在“美国优先”主义的旗帜下,美国通过不断扩张连接点的方式扩大本国法的域外适用范围,为制裁他国实体、实现政治目的披上合法性外衣。近年来,为了全面制裁中国,美国更是紧锣密鼓地不当适用其国内法。美国法域外适用具有法律霸权性、连接点广泛性、运行体系性、适用对象政治化以及低预见性等特点。美国法不当域外适用给中国造成了诸多不利影响,中国已通过国家立法、区域合作以及企业合规与积极应诉等方式积极应对。今后,我国应通过制定或修改相关法律法规、完善反制工作机制、设立利益补偿制度、加强涉外法治人才队伍建设等方式进一步完善应对美国法对华不当适用的措施。

The extraterritorial application of U.S.legislation has a long history,having evolved from the initial firm territoriality to the“principle of effect”.Nowadays,under the banner of“America First”,the United States has been expanding the scope of extraterritorial application of its domestic laws by expanding the“connecting points”,making excuses of legitimacy for sanctioning entities of other countries for its own political purposes.After continuous development,it is characterized by legal hegemony,broad connectivity,systemic operation,politicization of the target of application and low predictability.The unjustified extraterritorial application of U.S.legislation has had many negative impacts on China,which has responded positively through national legislation,regional cooperation and corporate compliance and litigation.However,these measures are still insufficient to eliminate the many adverse effects and to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese entities.Therefore,China should make further improvements by formulating and amending relevant laws and regulations,improving the working mechanism,setting up a compensation mechanism and strengthening foreign-related law personnel,so as to find methods to settle the problem.