家庭、村庄与国家:妇女治村生成机理的三维分析

Family,Rural Areas and State:A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Rural Governance by Woman

当前,越来越多农村妇女迈向村治舞台的中央,成为体制内精英的重要组成。沿循“家庭、村庄和国家”的研究思路对华北F村妇女治村典型案例进行分析,可以发现妇女治村的生成源自三维结构性因素的合力作用。它既发端于农民家庭现代化转型所引发的妇女家庭地位提升,又形成于村庄在应对社会流动和公共性流失时的内部调适过程,还受到党的妇女解放事业及乡镇政府目标任务变化的双重影响。妇女治村是加强和改进新时代乡村治理的可行之途。各地可以引导更多农村优秀女性加入到乡村振兴干部队伍中,也须保障妇女治村的良好运行。

Currently,more and more rural women are moving towards the center of the rural governance,growing into elites within the system,taking on the important task of wielding rural governance power and leading good rural governance.The phenomenon of rural governance by woman is quietly emerging in many regions of China.Therefore,explaining the generation mechanism of rural governance by woman has become an important research topic that is of great value and in line with the latest development trends in rural governance.This paper adopts the method of field investigation to conduct long-term research on typical cases of rural governance by woman in Village F,North China,and then analyzes the collected materials using the research approach of“family-rural areas-state”.It finds that the generation of rural governance by woman is due to the combined effect of multiple structural factors.Firstly,the modernization transformation of rural households has opened up a logical prerequisite for the rural governance by woman.When women break free from the traditional family power structure and achieve an increase in family status,they can act as independent actors and expand their action fields to the public sphere closely related to family development and family interests.Secondly,the modernization of rural areas has laid the social foundation for the rural governance by woman.Under the social condition where a large number of male laborers migrate to cities for work and women form a network of relationships that can cover rural areas,rural governance by woman has become an important option for many rural areas to slow down publicity loss and resolve the dilemma of“who will govern the village”.Finally,the dual influence of the state is the external driving force for the rural governance by woman.On one hand,the remarkable achievements of the Party in women s liberation have optimized the social and political conditions and provided basic institutional norms for the rural governance by woman;on the other hand,the changes in the goals and tasks of grassroots government since the tax and fee reform have created greater space for the rural governance by woman.Women can enter the category of grassroots government s employment based on their pre-existing gender advantages and the relational capital accumulated in changing rural areas.The academic contributions of this paper lie in the following aspects.Firstly,based on empirical phenomena,this paper proposes the concept of rural governance by woman and summarizes it as a new form of rural governance in which women serve as rural leaders,take charge of rural power,dominate the rural governance process,and lead good rural governance.Secondly,this paper proposes an analytical approach of“family-rural areas-state”and analyzes the generation mechanism of rural governance by woman from three different dimensions.This paper believes that rural governance by woman is a feasible way to strengthen and improve rural governance in the new era.Governments at all levels can not only guide more outstanding rural women to join the ranks of rural revitalization cadres by doing a good job in personnel selection and training,but also provide strong guarantees for the good operation of rural governance by woman.