中子散射技术在材料化学中的研究进展

Research Progress of Neutron Scattering Technology in Material Chemistry

通过高能粒子与材料表面相互作用,探究材料的微观结构、化学成分、原子排布等信息是材料表征的主要方式,但是对于轻元素的精确测定,仍具有很大的局限性。中子散射具有高分辨率,渗透深度深,可检测材料的晶体结构、动力学性质和磁学性质,鉴别原子序数差别小的元素、同位素及轻元素。如可应用于表征微观结构、氢元素的含量、铁电性质等。与多种表征技术和第一性原理计算结合,可精确地在纳米尺度探究材料的晶体结构,获得动力学性质。本文综述了中子散射技术的工作原理及在材料化学中的应用现状。

In materials characterization,the microstructure,chemical composition and atomic scale information are determined via the interaction of high-energy source with the surface of the sample.However,the accuracy in the detection of light elements limits the application in further characterizing materials.Because neutron has a large penetration depth when interacting with solid matter,it has the capability of investigating the crystal structure,dynamic motion of atoms and magnetic properties,and distinguishing atoms with similar atomic number,isotopes,and light elements.For example,neutron scattering has been applied for studying the atomic structure,hydrogen concentration and ferroelectric properties.Combined with various characterization methods and first-principle theory,the atomic scale information and dynamic properties can be determined.In this article,the principle of neutron scattering were reviewed,as well as the current status of its application in materials chemistry.