国际人才引进与中国企业技术突破:兼论加快建设世界重要人才中心的建议

International talent introduction and technological breakthrough of Chinese firms:Suggestions on speeding up the construction of the world’s main talent center

吸引国际人才,加快世界重要人才中心建设,是营造具有全球竞争力开放创新生态的重要途径。利用中国A股上市公司数据与中国吸引国际人才数据,从高度细化的企业—专利层面实证考察了国际人才影响当地企业技术突破的效果与机制。研究发现:国际人才流入有助于当地企业实现技术突破,拓宽新技术领域的范围。推动跨国技术溢出、提升企业风险承担能力以及优化创新任务分工是国际人才推动企业实现技术突破的有效机制。进一步研究发现,国际人才流入是当地企业加快突破“卡脖子”关键核心技术和核心数字技术的重要力量;与没有海归高管的企业相比,国际人才流入更有助于拥有海归高管的企业拓展新技术领域的范围;国际人才流入对当地企业技术组合的影响主要表现在促进优势技术的多样化,提升优势技术在企业技术组合中的比重。研究成果对于有效应对国际科技竞争、加快建设世界科技强国具有重要参考意义。

Attracting international talents and accelerating the construction of world’s important talent center are important ways to create an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness.By using the data of China’s A-share listed companies and provincial international talent data,this paper studies the effects and mechanisms of international talents on local firms’technological breakthroughs.This paper finds that international talents help local firms achieve technological breakthroughs and broaden the scope of new technology fields.This effect derives from international talents’role in promoting transnational technology spillover,enhancing firms’risk-taking ability,and optimizing the division of innovation tasks.Further study shows that international talents are important force for local firms to speed up the breakthrough of core technologies and core digital technologies.International talents play a greater role in firms with returned managers to expand the scope of new technology fields.In addition,international talents promote the diversification of superior technology and increase the proportion of superior technologies in firms’technology portfolio.This paper provides an important reference for effectively coping with international technological competition and accelerating the construction of world science and technology power.