妊娠期妇女体力活动现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of Physical Activity Status and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Pregnant Women

目的:前瞻性调查妊娠期体力活动变化趋势并分析探讨其影响因素,为了解和评价我国孕妇妊娠期体力活动的现状提供基础数据。方法:选择2023年2月至2023年8月在深圳市第二人民医院产科门诊规律产检并有意向在产科病房分娩的孕妇作为研究对象。采用中文版妊娠期体力活动问卷(PPAQ)在妊娠14~27^(+6)周、妊娠28~36^(+6)周、妊娠37周至分娩进行调查,分析妊娠中晚期体力活动变化趋势及其影响因素。结果:共纳入400例研究对象,排除13例,脱落50例,共337例孕妇完成调查。妊娠14~27^(+6)周的体力活动达标率为42.13%,妊娠28~36^(+6)周的体力活动达标率为31.16%,妊娠37周至分娩的体力活动达标率为36.20%。logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度越高、家庭人均月收入越高及孕期体力活动知识态度水平越高的孕妇,孕期体力活动更易达标。研究还发现孕期体力活动可缩短第一产程时长。结论:妊娠期体力活动对妊娠结局有积极影响,医务人员在孕期保健工作中应对体力活动的安全性及益处进行宣教,及时识别促进或阻碍孕期体力活动的因素,增强孕妇体力活动自我效能,改善妊娠结局。

Objective To investigate the trends in physical activity during pregnancy and analyze its influencing factors,providing foundational data for understanding and assessing the current status of physical activity among pregnant women in China.Methods Pregnant women who regularly attended antenatal check-ups at the Obstetrics Clinic of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from February 2023 to August 2023 and intended to give birth in the obstetrics ward were selected as research subjects.The Chinese version of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire(PPAQ)was administered during early to mid-pregnancy(14-27+6 weeks),late pregnancy(28-36+6 weeks),and from 37 weeks to delivery to investigate the trends and influencing factors of physical activity during mid to late pregnancy.Results Out of 400 subjects,13 cases were excluded,and 50 cases dropped out,leaving 337 pregnant women who completed the survey.The rate of adequate physical activity was 42.13%during 14-27+6 weeks,31.16%during 28-36+6 weeks,and 36.20%from 37 weeks to delivery.Logistic regression analysis indicated that pregnant women with higher levels of education,higher household income per capita,and higher levels of knowledge and attitudes towards physical activity during pregnancy were more likely to meet the physical activity guidelines.The study also found that physical activity during pregnancy could shorten the duration of the first stage of labor.Conclusion Physical activity during pregnancy has a positive impact on pregnancy outcomes.Healthcare professionals should educate about the safety and benefits of physical activity during pregnancy,identify factors that promote or hinder physical activity,enhance pregnant women's self-efficacy in physical activity,and improve pregnancy outcomes.