论工商业与人权语境中的“多利益相关方”

On“Multi-stakeholders”in the Context of Business and Human Rights Discourse

在工商业与人权语境中,“多利益相关方”具有整合知识资源的功能。参与各方应秉持互惠原则,贡献知识以评估人权风险,并回应利益相关方的合理诉求。将“多利益相关方”等同于“公众参与”的论点没有注意到“多利益相关方”的参与者不是一般公众,他们与所涉议题应有直接利益关系,并有能力贡献社区知识,理解产业诉求。这种解释方式符合风险社会中社会理性与科学理性的互动规律,体现商业向善的理念,遵循权利义务相统一的法理。在网络空间治理中,将“多利益相关方”与“多边主义”对立的论点没有观察到“多利益相关方”的内在张力,即“多利益相关方”内部的权力差异与冲突使之依赖国家公权力的制度供给。我国可以在国内立法中申明“多利益相关方”的价值,在国际上倡导主权国家支持下的“多利益相关方”模式,提高我国在工商业与人权领域的话语权。

In the context of business and human rights,“multi-stakeholders”serve the function of integrating knowledge resources.All participating parties should adhere to the principle of reciprocity,contribute knowledge to assess human rights risks,and respond to the reasonable demands of stakeholders.Equating“multi-stakeholders”with“public participation”fails to recognize that the participants of“multi-stakeholders”are not the general public;they have direct interests in the issues involved and have the ability to contribute community knowledge and understand industry demands.This interpretation aligns with the interaction between social rationality and scientific rationality in the risk society,reflects the concept of business ethics,and follows the legal principle of the unity of rights and obligations.In the governance of cyberspace,the argument opposing“multi-stakeholders”to“multilateralism”overlooks the internal tension within“multi-stakeholders”,where power differences and conflicts necessitate institutional supply from state authority.China can declare the value of“multi-stakeholders”in domestic legislation and advocate for a“multistakeholders”model supported by sovereign states internationally,thereby enhancing China’s discourse power in the field of business and human rights.