某院头孢菌素相关药物不良反应的流行病学分析

EpidemiologicalAnalysis of Cephalosporin-relatedAdverse Drug Reactions in a Hospital

目的:分析医院头孢菌素相关药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特点,为临床头孢菌素类药物的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2012年1月1日—2021年12月31日祁阳市中医医院上报国家药品不良反应监测系统的1074例ADRs报告作为研究资料,采集报告中ADRs所涉及的药物种类及其用法用量,以及患者的年龄、性别、临床表现等信息,分析其中头孢菌素相关ADRs的流行病学特征。结果:1074例ADRs报告中,涉及抗菌药物的有392例,其中与头孢菌素相关的有203例;203例头孢菌素相关ADRs中,患者的年龄主要集中在18岁~<45岁(68例,占33.50%)和45岁~<65岁(49例,占24.14%),而涉及的种类主要为第3代头孢菌素(152例,占74.87%),其中涉及的主要品种为注射用头孢他啶(51例,占25.12%)和注射用头孢噻肟(42例,占20.69%);在累及器官方面,203例头孢菌素相关ADRs主要累及皮肤及其附件(163例,占80.30%),主要表现为皮疹、皮肤瘙痒、荨麻疹、皮肤发红和红斑;203例头孢菌素相关ADRs中有30例为严重ADRs,而单因素分析结果显示,严重ADRs的发生与患者的年龄、药物的给药途径相关(P<0.05)。结论:在抗菌药物相关ADRs中头孢菌素占有重要分量,并且其在患者年龄、药物种类和给药途径方面具有明显特点,其中患者年龄和药物给药途径可能还与ADRs的严重程度均有相关性,临床应加强对风险患者的管理和监护,以保证患者的用药安全。

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cephalosporin-related adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in a hospital,and provide reference for the clinical safe use of cephalosporins.Methods:The ADR reports of 1074 patients reported by Qiyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System from January 1,2012 to December 31,2021 were selected as the research data,and the information such as drug type,usage and dosage,and patient's age,sex and clinical manifestations was collected,to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cephalosporin-related ADRs.Results:In the ADR reports of 1074 patients,392 involved antibacterial drugs,including 203 related to cephalosporins;among 203 cases of cephalosporin-related ADRs,the patients were mainly between 18 and less than 45 years(68 cases,33.50%)and between 45 and less than 65 years(49 cases,24.14%),and the types involved were mainly the third-generation cephalosporins(152 cases,74.87%),among which the main varieties involved were ceftazidime for injection(51 cases,25.12%)and cefotaxime for injection(42 cases,20.69%);in terms of organs involved,203 cases of cephalosporin-related ADRs mainly involved the skin and its appendages(163 cases,80.30%),with the main manifestations of rash,skin itching,urticaria,skin redness and erythema;30 in 203 cases of cephalosporin-related ADRs were severe ADRs.The univariate analysis results showed that the occurrence of severe ADRs was related to the patient's age and route of drug administration(P<0.05).Conclusion:Cephalosporins play an important role in ADRs related to antibacterial drugs,with obvious characteristics in terms of patient's age,drug type and route of drug administration,and the patient's age and route of drug administration may also be related to the severity of ADRs.Therefore,clinical management and monitoring of patients at risk should be strengthened to ensure the safe medication of patients.