四川省部分地区养犬户狂犬病防控知行情况问卷调查

A Questionnaire on Dog Owners'Knowledge and Practice of Rabies Prevention and Control in Some Areas of Sichuan Province

为了解四川省养犬户狂犬病防控知行情况,在青神县、阆中市、广汉市和涪城区4个县(市、区)进行了问卷调查,共调查养犬户250人。结果显示:狂犬病防控基本知识方面,知道狂犬病发作一定会死亡的占97.6%,知道其他温血动物可携带狂犬病病毒的占92.8%;伤口处理和疫苗注射方面,犬咬伤暴露后注射了狂犬病疫苗的占85.7%,注射了免疫球蛋白的占48.6%,被调查养犬户中知晓伤口不能包扎和缝合的占81.6%;犬只免疫、管理方面,给犬只注射过狂犬病疫苗的占98.8%,所养犬是栓养的占96.0%,68.4%的养犬户其所在村(社)捕杀过流浪犬。结果表明:养犬户对狂犬病基本知识知晓情况较好,但对狂犬病宿主动物了解不全;养犬户防护意识不到位,对正确的防护方法掌握不全面;犬只免疫和管理登记不够规范,存在免疫漏洞。建议各地加强养犬户狂犬病防控宣传教育,加大狂犬病治疗药品的医保报销力度,疫情高发地区要提高犬只免疫覆盖率,规范犬只管理,有效防控人间和畜间狂犬病。

In order to investigate dog owners'knowledge and practice of rabies prevention and control in Sichuan Province,a questionnaire was conducted in four counties(cities/districts)including Qingshen County,Langzhong City,Guanghan City as well as Fucheng District,involving 250 owners.The results showed that,for general knowledge of rabies prevention and control,97.6%respondents knew that rabies attack would definitely lead to death,and 92.8%knew that other warm-blooded animals could carry rabies virus;for wound treatment and receiving a vaccination after bitten by dogs,85.7%were immunized with rabies vaccine after exposure,48.6%were immunized with immunoglobulin,81.6%interviewees knew that the wound could not be bandaged and stitched;for dog immunization and management,98.8%made their dogs vaccinated with rabies vaccines,96%kept their dogs on a leash and 68.4%lived in the village(community)where stray dogs had been hunted and killed.In conclusion,dog owners were well aware of the general knowledge of rabies,except host animals of rabies;they were lack of sufficient awareness of protection and correct protective methods;and dog immunization and management registration were not standardized with immunization loopholes.All regions were recommended to strengthen dog owners'training and awareness improvement on rabies prevention and control,and to increase the reimbursement of medical insurance for rabies drugs,especially the regions at high risk of rabies occurrence,where authorities should increase immunization coverage and standardize dog management,so any possible human or animal cases would be effectively prevented and controlled.