月球基地通信与导航技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trends in Lunar Base Communication and Navigation Technology

月球基地是未来空间探索和资源开发的重要支点,其成功运营依赖于可靠、高效的通信和导航系统,因而月球基地通信与导航技术是大国竞相角逐的战略制高点。文章总结分析了月球环境和月球基地建设概况,简要介绍了表面环境和熔岩管环境,并讨论了月球基地建设及组成单元;系统性梳理了国内外月球通信与导航技术发展现状、关键问题与挑战,给出了月球基地通信与导航技术的未来发展趋势。在此基础上,提出了大力发展低时延光通信技术、研制自主导航技术和加强人工智能算法等对策建议,以期服务建设具有自主知识产权的月球通信与导航技术系统,推动月球基地通信与导航技术自立自强,支撑航天强国建设。

The lunar base is a crucial hub for future space exploration and resource development,and its successful operation relies on reliable and efficient communication and navigation systems.Therefore,lunar base communication and navigation technology occupies strategic high grounds where major nations are vying for supremacy.This paper summarizes the lunar environment and the status of lunar base construction and briefly introduces the surface environment and lava tube environment.It also discusses lunar base construction and its constituent elements,systematically reviews the development status of lunar communication and navigation technology in China and abroad,along with the critical issues and challenges,and presents future trends in lunar base communication and navigation technology.On this basis,countermeasures are proposed,including low-latency optical communication technology,autonomous navigation technology,and artificial intelligence algorithms.These recommendations aim to support the development of lunar base communication and navigation systems with independent intellectual property rights,promote self-reliance and self-improvement in this field,and contribute to the establishment of a spacefaring nation.