近代江汉平原粮棉种植空间变动特征分析(1861—1949)

Location, Trade, and Rationality: A Study of the Spatial Changes in Grain and Cotton Planting in the Modern Jianghan Plain (1861-1949)

江汉平原粮食生产以稻米为主,其长期保持优势地位,并一直延续至近代。随着中外经济形势变动,在港口-腹地因素推动下,棉花种植比例逐渐提升,作物种植的空间分工日益凸显。通过对江汉平原作物种植变迁的研究发现,小农所处的地理环境决定了其种植选择,工业发展刺激了作物的种植扩张,港口区位条件限制了地区经济结构的升级。以此为基础,对经济理性与生存理性问题、近代经济发展动力问题以及内陆与沿海的发展路径问题进行解释。

The Jianghan Plain has long maintained a dominant position in rice-based grain production,and this dominance has persisted continuously into modern times.With the constantly evolving domestic and foreign economic conditions and the growing connection between ports and the hinterland,there has been a gradual increase in the proportion of cotton cultivation.This resulted in a spatial division of labor in crop cultivation.Research on the changes in crop cultivation in the Jianghan Plain reveals that the geographical environment in which small-scale farmers are located influenced their crop selection.While external economic conditions enhanced the competitiveness of specific crops,the location of ports constrained the extent of trade expansion.Finally,the analysis of changes in crop cultivation demonstrates that the economic advantages historically held by Hankou had become a significant factor in the widening gap between inland and coastal areas during the process of modernization.