温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性及其7种挥发性成分的比较研究

Comparative Study on Cold and Heat Medicinal Properties and Seven Volatile Componentsof Warm Turmeric Root Tuber, Warm Zedoaria, and Vinegar Backed Zedoaria

目的:验证温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性,探究3者挥发油中7种挥发性成分与其寒热药性的相关性。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并对其含有的7种挥发性成分的含量通过气相色谱法(GC法)进行测定,给予SD雄性大鼠灌服寒凉药构建胃寒实证模型,再分别给予热性药、寒性药、生莪术、醋莪术、生郁金的水煎液治疗。通过观测比较大鼠在造模和给药的全过程中体质量、肛温、进食量、大便粒数和质地的变化,比较温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性。结果:温莪术醋制前后7种挥发性成分的含量差异不明显;温莪术挥发油中1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、龙脑、吉马酮、莪术二酮的含量明显高于温郁金上述成分的含量(P<0.01)。温莪术的生品、醋制品对胃寒导致的腹泻治疗效果弱于热性药的治疗效果,温莪术的生品、醋制品表现为脾胃温性,温郁金的生品会加重腹泻,但致泻效果较寒性药致泻效果弱,温郁金表现为脾胃弱寒性。结论:1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、吉马酮、莪术二酮4种挥发性成分的药理作用与温热药作用一致,且其含量高低与温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术寒热药性变化一致,推测这4种挥发性成分可能是其发挥寒热药性的重要物质基础。

Objective:To verify the cold and heat properties of warm turmeric root tuber,warm zedoaria,and vinegar backed zedoaria,and to explore the seven volatile components of the volatile oil of the three medicinals and their cold and heat properties and the correlation between components and cold and heat properties.Methods:The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation and the amounts of the seven volatile components were measured by gas chromatography(GC).Male SD rats were given cold medicinals to construct an empirical model of gastric cold pattern,and then they were treated with water decoction of hot medicinals,cold medicinals,raw zedoaria,vinegar backed zedoaria,and raw turmeric root tuber.The cold and heat properties of warm turmeric root tuber,warm zedoaria,and vinegar backed zedoaria were compared through observing and comparing the changes of body weight,anal temperature,food intake,stool grain number and texture during the whole process of building rat models and drug administration.Results:There was no significant amount difference between the seven volatile components of warm zedoaria before and after the warm zedoaria was vinegar processed.The contents of 1,8-cineole,camphor,borneol,germacrone,and zedoary ketone in the volatile oil of warm zedoaria were significantly higher than those in the volatile oil of warm turmeric root tuber(P<0.01).The therapeutic effect of raw warm zedoaria and vinegar backed warm zedoaria on diarrhea caused by stomach cold was weaker than that of heat drugs,and they had the property of warming spleen and stomach,while raw warm turmeric root tuber can aggravate the diarrhea of the rats,but the diarrhea-inducing effect was weaker than that of cold drugs.Warm turmeric root tuber expressed weak cold property on spleen and stomach.Conclusion:The pharmacological effects of the four volatile components,1,8-cineole,camphor,gemarone,and curdione,are consistent with those drugs with warm nature,and their contents are consistent with the variation of cold and heat properties of warm turmeric root tuber,warm zedoaria,and vinegar backed zedoaria.We speculate that these 4 volatile components might be the important material basis for the cold and heat properties.