2013—2022年上海市浦东新区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality,2013-2022

目的分析2013—2022年上海市浦东新区流行性腮腺炎(简称流腮)的流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法2013—2022年流腮发病资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述流行病学方法对数据进行分析,采用季节指数法和圆形分布法分析流腮的季节性和发病高峰期。结果2013—2022年上海市浦东新区共报告流腮6536例,年平均发病率12.07/10万,发病率呈逐年下降趋势。季节指数法和圆形分布法分析显示每年4月底到12月初为流腮发病高峰期。病例以男性为主(占61.00%),男性(14.21/10万)发病率高于女性(9.76/10万),(χ^(2)=222.395,P<0.001)。年龄分布集中在10岁以下(占85.68%),5岁组儿童发病率最高(257.90/10万)。幼托儿童(44.37%)、学生(37.55%)、散居儿童(13.79%)为发病的主要群体。从地区分布看,病例总数前三位的是北蔡镇(520例,7.96%)、三林镇(505例,7.73%)、川沙新镇(442例,6.76%)。2013—2022年浦东新区适龄儿童的麻疹-流行性腮腺炎-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)接种率均在99.00%以上。结论2013—2022年浦东新区流腮疫情呈下降趋势,幼托儿童、学生、散居儿童是流腮防控的重点人群,仍应加强预防接种证查验及MMR接种、补种工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality from 2013 to 2022,and to provide evidence for developing mumps control and prevention strategies.Methods The incidence data of mumps during 2013-2022 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control.The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data.The seasonality and peak incidence of mumps were analyzed by using seasonal index method and circular distribution method.Results A total of 6,536 cases of mumps were reported in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality during 2013-2022,the average annual incidence rate was 12.07/100,000,and the incidence rates showed a decreasing trend year by year.Analyses based on seasonal index method and circular distribution method revealed that the peak period of mumps incidence was from the end of April to the beginning of December each year.The majority of the cases were males(accounting for 61.00%),and the incidence rate of mumps was higher in males than in females(14.21/100,000 vs.9.76/100,000,χ^(2)=222.395,P<0.001).The age distribution of the cases was concentrated at the age of<10 years(85.68%),and the incidence rate of the group aged 5 years was the highest(257.90/100,000).Preschool children(44.37%),students(37.55%)and scattered children(13.79%)were the main incidence groups.As for the regional distribution,the top three districts with total cases were Beicai Town(n=520,7.96%),Sanlin Town(n=505,7.73%)and Chuansha New Town(n=442,6.76%).The vaccination rates of measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(MMR)in eligible children in Pudong New Area from 2013 to 2022 were all above 99.00%.Conclusion The epidemics of mumps in Pudong New Area during 2013-2022 showed a downward trend.Preschool children,students and scattered children are key populations for mumps prevention and control.It is still necessary to strengthen the verification of vaccination certificate and the work regarding MMR vaccination and re-vaccination.