2016—2021年浦城县华支睾吸虫病流行现状分析

Investigation of epidemic status of Clonorchiasis sinensis in Pucheng County from 2016 to 2021

目的了解浦城县人群华支睾吸虫的流行现状与防治效果,为本地区华支睾吸虫病的综合防治和传播控制提供依据。方法2016—2021年浦城县根据《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案》要求,按浦城县地理方位划分东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取1个乡镇的1个村的人群作为调查对象。每个村采集每个3周岁以上居民粪便30g,全县每年共监测1000人。采用改良加藤氏厚涂片法(Kato-Kata)(1份2检)镜检虫卵。各调查点每年度检测各类淡水鱼类虾,取鱼部肌肉进行压片镜检。各调查点每年度随机收集野外狗粪或猫粪,以水洗沉淀法检测虫卵。每年在受检人群中随机抽查150人,进行华支睾吸虫病相关知识的问卷调查,并计算得分与知晓率(及格率)。率的比较采用卡方趋势检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2016—2021年共调查6187人,华支睾吸虫感染者25人,感染率为0.40%。各年度感染率分别为0.95%、0.40%、0.43%、0.39%、0.35%和0.17%。检测3种淡水鱼类共646尾,囊蚴感染者375尾,感染率为58.05%。检测野外动物粪便标本共152份,检出华支睾吸虫卵8份,检出率为5.26%。收回居民有效问卷共900份,知晓率为47.89%(431/900)。2016—2021年知晓率分别为21.33%(32/150)、30.00%(45/150)、44.00%(66/150)、56.67%(85/150)、64.67%(97/150)和70.67%(106/150),呈现逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=115.23,P<0.001)。结论浦城县人群华支睾吸虫感染率较低,防治效果显著。居民对华支睾吸虫病相关知识的知晓率低,淡水鱼类的囊蚴感染率较高,应加强宣传教育与防治工作。

Objective To analyzed the infection present and control efficiency of Clonorchis sinensis in Pucheng County,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control work in the future.Methods From 2016 to 2021,according to the requirements of National Key Parasitic Disease Surveillance Program and the geographical orientation,Pucheng County was divided into 5 districts,namely,east,south,west,north and middle.Each district randomly selected people from 1 township and 1 village as the survey objects.Each village collected 30 g of feces from every resident over the age of 3,and 1000 people were monitored in the county every year.The modified Kato's thick smear(Kato-kata)method(one piece,two tests)was used for microscopic examination of eggs.All kinds of freshwater fish and shrimp were detected at each survey site every year,and the muscle of the fish was taken for microscope examination.Each survey site randomly collected field dog feces or cat feces every year,and the eggs were detected by water precipitation method.150 people were randomly selected from the tested population every year to conduct a questionnaire survey on Clonorchiasis and other related knowledge,and the score and awareness rate(pass rate)were calculated.Chi-square trend test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 6187 people were investigated and 25 were infected with Clonorchis sinensis,with an infection rate of 0.40%from 2016 to 2021.The infection rates from 2016 to 2021 were 0.95%,0.40%,0.43%,0.39%,0.35%and 0.17%,respectively.A total of 646 freshwater fish of 3 species were examined,and recorded 375 positives,with an infection rate 58.05%.Examination for 152 feces samples of wild animals were conducted,and found 8 Clonorchis sinensis egg positive,the infection rates was 5.26%.Total of 900 valid responders were obtained,showing an overall anareness rate 47.89%(431/900).Overall awareness rates from 2016 to 2021 were 21.33%(32/150),30.00%(45/150),44.00%(66/150),56.67%(85/150),64.67%(97/150)and 70.67%(106/150),respectively,and the awareness rate of Clonorchis sinensis rised in resident in Pucheng County(χ^(2)_(trend)=115.23,P<0.001).Conclusions The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was low in Pucheng County,and the control effect was remarkable.The residents had low awareness rate of Clonorchis sinensis.The infection rate of freshwater fish was higher.Health education and control measures should be strengthened.