漂浮式风电技术现状及中国深远海风电开发前景展望

Current status of floating wind power technology and prospects for China's deep sea wind power development

随着海上风电高速发展及近海场址资源趋紧,适用于深远海域风资源利用的海上漂浮式风电成为中国海上风电未来发展方向。本文介绍国外和国内漂浮式风电发展历程与现状,详细阐述了漂浮式风电从样机示范、小型漂浮式风电场到大规模商业化开发的发展路径,分析不同漂浮式风电基础概念及其特点。剖析了中国漂浮式风电本土化发展所需要面临的技术挑战,主要包括大容量漂浮式风力发电机组、低成本漂浮式风电基础平台、新型系泊系统国产化研制、动态缆系统研制、高效建造安装施工模式和智慧运维安全保障等。针对中国独有的海洋环境、港口码头状况和风电产业链情况,提出了海上漂浮式风电研究方向和发展建议:研发设计适用于中国深远海抗台型大容量漂浮式风电,突破漂浮式风电降本平价发展瓶颈;考虑高效集约用海布局,规模化发展漂浮式风电场;强健漂浮式风电产业完整供应链,推进核心部件和设备国产化进程;创新“海上风电+”新模式新路径,探索海上风电与油气田多能互补融合发展。本文研究对海上漂浮式风电平价商业化开发和扩展海洋能源利用空间具有重要意义。

With the rapid development of offshore wind power and the tightening of offshore site resources,floating offshore wind power suitable for the utilization of wind resources in deep sea areas has become the future development direction of offshore wind power in China.This article introduces the development history and current status of offshore floating wind power in foreign and domestic countries,elaborates in detail on the development path of floating wind power from prototype demonstration,small-scale floating wind farms to large-scale commercial development,and analyzes the basic concepts and characteristics of different floating wind power systems.Technical challenges faced by the localization development of China's floating wind power were analyzed,mainly including:large capacity floating wind turbines,low-cost floating wind power foundation platforms,domestic development of new mooring systems,development of dynamic cable systems,efficient construction and installation modes,and intelligent operation and maintenance safety guarantees.In response to China's unique marine environment,port and terminal conditions,and wind power industry chain,research directions and development suggestions for offshore floating wind power were proposed:studying and designing large capacity floating wind power suitable for China's deep-sea anti typhoon type to break through the bottleneck of cost reduction and parity development of floating wind power;considering efficient and intensive sea use layout to develop floating wind farms on a large scale;strengthening the complete supply chain of the floating wind power industry to promote the localization process of core components and equipment;innovating the new model and path of"offshore wind power+",and exploring the complementary and integrated development of offshore wind power and oil and gas fields.This study is of great significance for the affordable commercial development of offshore floating wind power and the expansion of marine energy utilization space.