山西榆社北魏孙龙石椁研究

Study on Sun Long’s sarcophagus from Northern Wei at Yushe county,Shanxi Province

孙龙石椁是目前所见北魏洛阳时代纪年最早的石质葬具,其文字结合图像的主题表达形式颇具特点,具有重要的标本学价值。本文回顾了孙龙石椁的发现与研究历程,纠正了一些认识上的偏差,对石椁形制、题铭与榜题进行了分析,认为这些文字表达的是一种旌表孝行的意图。文章重点对图像进行了全面系统的研究。结合大量考古新发现,对图像布局及题材渊源、主题表达等进行了探讨,认为墓主人夫妇宴飨图、四神图、升天图为主题图像;射猎图、杂技图、牛车鞍马出行图、树下并坐图等居于次要地位。其在文化面貌上表现出受洛阳主流文化的影响,又留有许多平城传统的印记,体现出大变革时代文化交融、过渡的特征。

The Sun Long’s sarcophagus is currently the earliest stone burial object seen in the Luoyang era of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Its thematic expression form of text combined with images is quite distinctive,and it has important value like a sample.This paper reviews the discovery and research process of Sun Long's sarcophagus,corrects some cognitive biases,analyzes the shape,inscriptions of the stone coffin,and believes that these words intentionally expressed the honor of filial piety.The article focuses on a comprehensive and systematic study of images.Based on a large number of archaeological discoveries,this paper explores the layout of images,the origins of themes,and the expression of themes.It is believed that the tomb owner’s couple’s feast,the Four Gods,and the Ascension of Heaven are the main theme images;Shooting,acrobatic,ox cart and horse travel,and sitting under trees are secondary.In terms of cultural appearance,it shows the influence of mainstream culture in Luoyang and kept many imprints of Pingcheng tradition,reflecting the characteristics of cultural integration and transition in the era of great transformation.